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December 2S, 1SS90
THE
GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
a WLtMv Sllustatrtr iountal
OF
Horticulture and Allied Subjects.
(ESTABLISHED IN 1841.)
VOL. VI.-THIRD SERIES. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1889.
LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.O.
1859.
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Ju I ^ - D c c /85T
BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRURS.
The Gardeners' Chronicle,]
[December 28, 1889.
INDEX OF CONTENTS.
JULY TO DECEMBER, 1889.
Abies Mertensiana Albertiana, 10
Abutilon vitifolium var. alba, 156, 244
Acalypha tricolor, 504
Acineta densa, 131
Aconites, autumn, 440
Actinidia Kolomikta, 475
Acton Recreation Grounds, 136
Adelaide, 384
Adhatoda cydoniaifolia, 751
Adiantum capillus-venerisgrande, 557 ;
A. reginiE, 557 Adiantums, 557 Aerides japonicuru. 42; A. Laurence-
anum Southgatei, 467 Aganisia ciL'rulea, 95 ; A, cyanea, 492 Agaves, 638 Ageratum, a new, 195 Agricultural Bill, a new, 75 ; returns,
219, 755 Aldenhara House, Elstree, 411 Alexandria, Onions in, 663 Allaraanda violacea, 304, 33.3 Allotment gardening, 265, 630 Aloe Cooperi, 138 ; A. fulgens, 361 Alpine botanic garden, an, 324 Alpinia magnifica, 652 Alstromerias, 108 Amaryllis belladonna, 409 Amasonia punicea, 387 American Association of Nurserymen,
42 ; blight, 249 ; florists' conven- tion, 327 ; notes, 42, 107, 475 Amomum magnificum, 652 Amorphophallus titan urn, 49, 74 Anderson, Mr. J., 727 Anemone, the, 590 Anemone japonica, 327 Angracums, 44 ; A. Scottianum, 294 Anguloa virginalis, 42 Anhalonium, the genus, 700 Annuals at Chiswick, 70 Anccctochiluses, 624 Anoiganthus breviflorus, 192 Anomatheca grandiflora, 304 Ants and bed bugs, 663 Apiary, the, 45, 97, 222, 270, 356, 410,
475, 530, 594, 658 Apple crop, the American, 212 Apple and Pear Conference, 334, 362 Apple Belle de Longvte\ 445 ; Schoner
von Boskoop, 445 ; Wellington, 7 ;
Beaumann's Red Reinette, 509 Apples, British, 558 ; Canadian, 164;
for East Anglia, 538 ; preserving in
soil, 448, 476, 505 Apricot shed, an, 719 Aquilegia flabellata nana alba, 503 Aralia leptophylla, 751 Arbor days, 388 Argan oil, 628 Arisa;ma fimbriatum, 652 Aristolochia elegans, 418 ; A. ridicula,
448 Aristolochias for pot culture, 297 Arsenites, the, 534 Artichoke, Globe, 601 Artillery plants, 529 Arum, double spathed, 387 Ashridge, 468
Asparagus forcing, 730; in Scotland, 49 ; A. verticillatus, 183
Aspergillus fumigatus, 659
Aster pyrenreus, 385
Asters, the herbaceous, 445
Auricula, the, 77, 560
Australasian Association for the ad- vancement of science, 74
Australian plants, second census of, 727
Autumn at Paisley, 534
Autumnal tints, 387, 392, 506, 538, 568
Azolla caroliniana, 196
B
Backhouse's nursery, 215, 384
Ball, the late J., 694
Barcote House, 731
Bark mite, 760
Barham Court, Maidstone, 276: fruit
at, 505 Bean Longsword, 595 ; Neal's Ne plus
ultra, 509 ; show, a, 331 Bedding, effective, 48 Beds for winter and spring, 476 Bee, the Mango, 331 Beet, Cheltenham green top, 542 Beetle causing branching in Palms,
277 ; injuring Coker-nut Palms, 694 Begonia adonis, 625 ; B. gracilis var.
Martiana, 354 ; B. monstrous, 74 ;
B. socotrana, 244 ; B. Scharffiana
and B. Haageana, 388 Begonias as bedders, 361, 448; double,
663 ; winter flowering, 666 Benary, presentation to Mr. E., 565 Benham Court, 664 Ben ham Park, 664 Benthamia fragifera, 560 Berberis angulosa, 192 Berkeley, M. J., the late, 162, 165. 360 Berlin, notes from, 77, 389, 444, 503 Bifrenaria atropurpurea, 69 ; B. aur-
antiaca, 411 Bignonia venusta, 506, 652 Bilbergia vexillariaX, 534 Birds and Fruits, 249, 304 Birds of East Kent, 332 Birds, times of the singing of, 631 Birmingham Gardens Association, 416,
564 Bletiacatenulata, 95 Bleu's Nursery, Paris, 188 Bolton Gardeners' Society, 192
Books, &c, Notices of : — All about Tobacco (A. M. & J. Ferguson), 276 ; Amaryllids of the Argentine Re- public (Dr. Pax), 387 ; Annuaire du Jardin (Godefroy Lebeuf), 629; Annals of Botany, 17 ; Book of the Farm, Stevenson's, 276; Botanical Magazine, 47, 192, 471,726; British Apples, 302 ; Bromeliaceffi Andre- anas (E. Andre), 361, 473; Bromeli- aceaa, Handbook of (J. G. Baket), 662 ; Catalogue of Orchids, 361 ; Cats, and all about them, our (H.
Weir), 729; Cryptogamic Botany (Bennett and Murray), 300; Cultivo de los Rosales en Macetas, 136 ; Dar- winism (Wallace). 137, 164; Dar- win's Journal, 242 ; Diseases of Plants (M. Ward), 416, 502 ; English Flower Garden (Robinson), 18 ; English Idylls (P. H. Emerson), 696 ; Flora of Suffolk (Hind), 726 ; Flore Forestiere de la Cochin Chine (Pierre), 361 ; Forest flora of New Zealand (T. Kirk), 695; Flower land (R. Fisher), 665 ; Fougeres rus- tiques (H.Correvon), 599; Fowls for pleasure, 136 ; Fruit-farm Review, 565; Garden Annual, 693; Garden- ers' Magazine,480,728; Handbuchde Laubholzkunde (Dr. L. Dippel), 473 ; Icones (Hooker), 17; Idylls of the Field (F. A. Knight), 665; Illus- trationes Florae Maris Pacifici Drake del Costello), 48; Illus- trated London Almanack, 4i 2 ; India-rubber and Gutta-percha (Fer- guson), 276 ; Journal of the Bureau of Agriculture, Adelaide, 243 ; Journal of the Linnean Society, 136 ; Journal of the Royal Horti- cultural Society, 192, 302, 724 ; Kew Bulletin, 100, 192, 564, 586, 755; Lin- denia,48, 106 ; Malesia, 535 ; Mangos (Maries), 276; Manual of Forestry (W. Schlich), 596; Manual of Orchidaceous plants, Part V., Ma9- devallia (J. Veitch and Sons), 620; Medizinal pftanzen (Kohler), 473 ; Naturlichen pflanzen lamilien, 534; Names and synonyms of British Plants, 106 ; Onions and Cress (H. V. Knaggs), 727 ; Orchids (L. Castle), French ed.,444 ; Orchids, their cul- ture and management (Watson and Bean), 136, 416. 599, 727 ; Petit Jar- din le (Bois). 301 ; Practical Poultry Breeder, 106 ; Scientific Papers of Asa Gray (Ed. C. S. Sargent), 660; Swiss flora (Gremli), 48; Timber and some of its Diseases (Marshall Ward), 106, 193; Work, 136.
Books, two rare horticultural, 629
Botanic Garden among the Alps, 324 ; Berlin, 276 ; Brtslau, 331 ; Cam- bridge, 126 ; Cape Town, 385, 501 ; for schools, 566, 592 ; Ghent, 219, 535; Glasgow, 209, 693; Hamburgh, 331; Hong Kong, 248. 304; Manches- ter, 7 ; Maritzburg, 360 ; Quito, 412; Trinidad, 385
Botanical Lectures for the Working Classes, 198 ; Exchange Club, 220 ; Society of France, 75, 247; " Tables," sale of, 629
Botany for the Working Classes, 198 ; Progress in, 630
Bougainvillea glabra, 356
Bouillie Bordelaise. effect of, on wine, 70
Bouvardias, 354, 538
Bracken crested, 631. (See Fern.)
Brambles, 194
Brassavola, species of, 355
British Apples, 558 ; Fruit-growers As- sociation, 388, 443
British Plants.disappearance of, 388,694
Bromeliaceaj, 361, 473, 662
Budder, a quick, 331
Buddleia auriculata, 528; B. globo9a, 39
Bugs and ants, 663
Bulb crop, the Dutch, 107; Garden, the, 43, 194,409. 448.498; Mite,758; Season, the, at Scilly, 276 ; Planting, 409, 665
Bulbs, eccentric, 731
Bulbophyllum, saltatorium, 324
Bull, Mr, W.'s nursery, 325, 331, 382
Bunyard, Messrs. G. & Co.'s nursery, 266
Burbidge, Mr. F. W., M.A., 17, 212
Burghley Gardens, 352
Business, how to do, 662
Cabbage, trials of, 3S2
Cabbages, 139
Calanthe biloba, 70
Calceolaria, the, 48 ; disease of, 168
Calceolarias, shrubby, 80
California, the Peach orchards of, 410
Calla palustris, 526
Calystegia pubescens fl.-pl., 249, 699
Cambridge, new plant-houses at, 120
Camellia buds dropping, 632, 051, 065,
698, 732 Camellias, 327 Canadian Apples, 164 Cannell, Messrs. H. & Son's nurserv,
187 Cape, tobacco in the, 542 Cardiff Gardeners' Association, 416 Carnation Conference and trial, the
proposed, 537 Carnation Union, the, 74, 728; Paul
Engleheart, 167 Carnations, 561 ; at Messrs. J. Veitch's,
97; border, 140; hardy, 19, 110;
white self, 537 Carnations and Picotees, 138 Carpet-bedding, 363 Carrots, a large crop of, 599 Oastilleia indivisa, 594 Castle Ashbv, 465 Catalogues, 630 ; of fruit, 598 Catalpa J. C. Teas, 78 Catasetum Bungerothii, female, 466; C.
B. var. aurea. 460 ; C. Garnet- tianum, 192 ; C. purum, 90
Oatasetums, 559, 033
Caterpillars, the plague of, 93, 110, 137, 106
Cattleya Bowringiana, 467 ; C. Dow- iana, 381 ; C. D. aurea. 355 ; C. D. a., with rosy segments, 493 ; C. Dow- iana chrysotoxa, 716 ; C. gigas, an eccentric, 716 ; C. eldorado virgi- alis, 411 ; C. guttata Leopoldi, 757 ;
C. Hardvana, 492, 560; C. intri- cataX, 70; C. Loddigesii, 382; C. Mossiie vars., 100 ; C. Mastersonuc, 407; C. superba, 'JO
IV The Gardeners' Chronicle,]
INDEX.
[December 28, 1889.
Cattleyas, the labiata group, 2? 2 ; hybrid, 96
Cattleya-house, Mr. Hollington's, 390
Cattleyopsis, species of, 323
Cauliflower Sutton's Magnum Bonum, 327
Cauliflowers, 139
Cedar pencils, 96
Celosia pyramidalis plumosa, 506
Cephalaria tatarica, 159
Cercospora sequoia?, 594
Cereus triangularis, 562
Certificates of Merit at the Chrysan- themum Conference, 541 ; at the Vegetable Conference, 365, 393
Cheal, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery, 440
Cherry, a new (Castle Hill Seedling), 247 ; Guigne Ambree, 445
Chestnuts, The, Denmark Hill, 687
Children's flower shows, 136, 163
Chimaphila maculata, 562
Chinese delicacies, 697; flora, the, 442, 598 ; white wax, 44
Chiswick gardens, 392 ; annuals at, 70 ; Ivies at, 693; Tomatos at, 331 ; trials at, 758 (see also Royal Horti- cultural Society).
Chiswick Gardeners' Association, 693
Choisya ternata, 362
Chou de Burghley, 476
Christmas cards, floral art in, 729 ; decorations, 713 ; trees and flowers, 724
Chrysanthemum, the, 590
Chrysanthemum hiematoma, 526 ; C. maximum, 279. 110; C. Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, 534, 564 ; C. Mrs. Hawkins, alias Golden Fleece, 304 ; C. tricolor vars. (Anemone-flowered annual), 137
Chrysanthemum, Centenary of the, at Chiswick, 480, 539; at Edin- burgh, 534
Chrysanthemum Conference and Cen- tenary, 361, 415, 532, 540, 728
Chrysanthemum culture, &c, in Japan, 715; History of the, 521, 555, 585, 652 ; insects, 537, 568 ; novelties, 733 ; show- fixtures, 500 ; 6how sixty years ago, a, 598 ; shows, 692 ; sports, 349, 599, 631, 656, 696, 758 ; training, 523 ; a wonderful, 502
Chrysanthemums, 244, 500 ; about Town, 503 ; at Coombe Leigh, Kings- ton, 693 ; at Great Doods, Reigate, 475; at Biddick Hall, 667; at Stamford Lodge, 632 ; catalogue of a new, 726, 758 ; damping off of. 732, 759 ; early flowering, 523, 666, 699, 733 ; housing, 356 ; in the Imperial Japanese Garden. 526 ; in Berlin, 702 ; in Boston, 694 ; in Japan, 694; in Paris, 661, 700; in the Parks, 503 ; naturally grown, 311 ; new, 662, 733; new, in Phila- delphia, 726 ; new method of [pro- pagating, 443 ; progress in, 525 ; scented, 502, 599 ; trained speci- mens, 699
Cinerarias, 78. 418
Cinnamon, 670
Cistus longifolius, 623
Cistuses, 385
Clematis Davidiana. 385
Clethra arborea, 352
Clianthus Dampierii, 110; at Indeo, 140
Climbers for intermediate house, 392
Clissold Park, 165 ; opening of, 107
Clumber, 182
Clyde disaster, the, 389. 443, 472, 502, 535, 565, 599, 629, 663, 727
Coco-nut Palms, beetles injuring, 691
Codling-moth, remedy for, 322
Ccelogyne corrugata. 272
Colonial notes, 12, 300, 384
Colour in plants, 125, 159, 187, 211
Combretum propagation, 664
Composites, North American, 110
Conifers, new, 388 ; nomenclature of, 470
Copper labels, 276
Coprophilus striatulus, 361
Cordon Currants, 110
Cordylina australis, 756
Coreopsis lanceolata, 189
Cork, production of, in Portugal, 670
Cornflowers, new strain o(, 387
Cornish gardens, and their lessons, 747
Cornus canadensis, 508 ; C. florida, 474 ; C. sibirica, 474
Cotoneaster Simonsii, 475
Cotton and Jute, inflammability of compared, 107
Cotula coronopifolia, 167
Creosoting timber, 703
Crinum brachynema, 360 ; C. cruen- tum, 329
Crocosma aurea and its vars., 303
Crocus speciosus, 410
Crocuses, 409
Crookham House, 664
Crossandra undulifolia, 109
Cryptomeria japonica, 543
Cucumbers, 600 ; and Peaches, spot- ting of, 355 ; in America 150 years ago, 362 ; in long bearing, 629
Cucurbita perennis, 183
Cuddapah Almonds, 501
Cultural memoranda, 14, 139, 225, 243, 297, 354, 418, 504, 625, 665, 751
Cunonia capensis, 536
Currants, cordon, 110
Cuttings, grafting on, 631
Cyclamens, hardy, 625
Cycnoches pentadactylon, 188
Cypher's, Mr. J., nursery, 561
Cyphomandra betacea, 758
Cypripedium Arthurianum, 591 ; C. Ashburtoniaj, 382 ; C. Godefroya; hemixanthemum, 716 ; C. niveum, &c, 294 ; C. cenanthum, 70 ; C. Stonei var. acrosepalum, 70 ; C. Wallisii, 95; C. American, 165
Cyprus, 361
Daffodil, Buxton's, 194 ; sieve, a, 240
Daffodils, 332, 353 ; disease of, 18 ; a list of, 163. (See also Narcissus).
Dahlia, the, 590 ; centenary of the, 274 ; D. imperialis, 594 ; roots in winter, 602; the show, 296
Dahlias, Cactus, 333 ; dwarfer, 195 ; for autumn and winter, 476 ; hybrid, 599 ; single and Cactus, 362
Darwin, Professor F., dinner to, 17
Deep cultivation, 392
Deer forest, pleasures of a, 542
Delphiniums, 18, 49
Dendrobium bracteosum, 493 ; D. cry- stallinum. 10 ; D. formosum gigan- teum, 305; D. Johannis, 592; D. lineale, 381 ; D. MacCarthioe, 242 ; D. nobile album, 71 ; D. polyphle- bium, 272 ; D. polvphlebium and var. Emerici, 244; D. Wardianum (yellow), 42
Dentarias, alpine, 445
Desfontainea spinosa, seeding, 333
Deutzia gracilis, 418
Dickson & Co.'s nursery, 536
Diplacus glutinosus coccineus, 567
Disa lacera var. multifida, 48 ; D. sagittalis, 215
Disas at York, 215
Disandra prostrata, 508
Disease of Calceolarias and Pansies, 168; of Cucumbers, 355; of Daffo- dils, 18 ; of Hellebores, 476, 479 ; of Hollyhocks, 279 ; of Potatos, 74, 166, 195, 214, 223 ; of Peaches, 355 ; of Peach leaves, 504, 667, 732; of Veronicas, 506
Dobbie & Co.'s nursery, 655
Dukeries, the, 181
Dulwich Park, 662
Duthie Park, Aberdeen, 587
Ealing Gardeners' Society, 387
East Anglia, Pears and Apples for, 538
East Anglican Horticultural Society,
663 Echinocactus pumilus, 249, 278
Edinburgh Botanical Society, 628
Ehretia serrata, 183
Eiffel Tower, the, 598
Elder, the red-berried, 474, 594, 670.
699, 759 ; and Betula intermedia, 699 Electric light carbons, 723 Emigrants' informatiom office, 26 English Fruit and Rose Co., 501 English Gardening, history of, 12, 293,
494 Entomology, practical, 219 Eranthemum Andersoni, 141 Eriopsis rutidobulbon, 70 Eryngium Olivierianum and others,
298 Esparto in Tripoli and Algiers, 107 Eucalyptus amygdalina, 14 Eucharis, a remarkable, 733 ; E. Leh-
manni, 17 Eucomis punctata, 387, 419 Eucryphia pinnatifolia, 48 Eupatoriums, 354 Evolution, theory of, 333 Exhibiting, unfair, 331 Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, 387
Fencing posts affected with fungi, 666
Fern fronds, forking of, 163, 416, 506, 631 ; spores, longevity of, 140
Fernery, the North Devon, 536
FerritJres, winter garden at, 302
Fertilisers for plants, 163
Fertilising moss, growing leaves in, 666
Ficus elastica variegata, 663
Fig tree, gigantic at Roscoff, 468
Figs at Christmas, 667
Finsbury Park, 184
Flasks, Italian oil and wine, 662
Flax in New Zealand, 75
Flora of Scotland, human agency on the, 103; the Chinese, 442, 598
Floral Committee, time of meeting, 471, 506, 538, 602
Floral decorations, 444
Florists flowers, cultural operations, 6. 48. 77, 138, 299, 356, 475, 537, 560, 290, 656
Flower bed, an effective, 278
Flower garden, cultural operations, 15, 73, 109, 133, 161, 217, 273, 301, 329, 391, 413, 441, 499, 563, 627, 659,691,757
Flowers, food from, 388 ; misuse of, 162 ; in Roumania, 248 ; in season, 17, 248, 331
Fog, effects of the London, 628
Food from flowers, 388
Food plants, 220
Foreign correspondence, 141, 327, 600, 624, 702, 720
Forest department, Madras, 198 ; growths, succession of, 40 ; school of Aschaffenburg, 534
Forestry, 26, 596, 626 ; at Edinburgh University, 507
Foster, Prof. M.'s garden, 5
Fraser and Hall memorial fund (see Clyde fatality)
Fraud, the, on Mr. Chamberlain, 629
Freesia refracta, 353; F. r. alba, 392 ; F. r. a. from seed, 449
Frosts, early, 330, 334. 392
Fruit and farming, 694 ; crops, the, 106 ; Canadian, 136-7 ; remarks on the, 126, 195 ; reports on the con- dition of the (tabulated), 99 ; culture, 246, 410, 444, 534 ; and conferences, 467 ; drying apparatus, 277 ; grow- ing, gold medal essav on, 275 ; in England, 330 ; Mr. Fish on, 666 ; importation of foreign, 278 ; in- gathering and storing of. 278 ; plan- tations, shelter for, 630; question, the, 438 ; register, 140, 194, 445, 509 ; trees on hill sides and in meadows, 527 ; renovating, 539 ; spraying, 72, 141
Fruiterers' Company, the, 392 ; at the Mansion House, 363
Fruits under glass, cultural operations, 15, 45, 73, 98, 133, 161, 198, 217,
245, 273, 301, 357. 391. 418, 441,
469, 499, 531, 595, 627, 659, 691, 723 Fuchsias, outdoors, 195, 249 Fungi, collection of, 17 ; edible, 466 ;
new parasitic, 506 Fungus foray in Epping Forest, 323,
390; in Warwickshire, 449; the
Woolhope, 449
Gardeners' Dictionary. Miller's, 219
Garden notes, 249, 276, 728
Gardeners' Orphan Fund, 17, 47, 134, 136, 191, 275 500, 564, 629, 661, election, 104, 106
Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion, 248, 472, 597, 628, 728
Gardening, History of English, 12, 293, 494
Gases, passage of, through plants, 416
Gentiana germanica, 192
Gerard, John, herbalist, 219
Ghent Chambre Syndicale, 75, 331, 502 ; frnit show in, 220
Ghiesbrecht, Dr. A. B., 535
Gladioli, Lemoine's new hybrid, 247; a new race of, 192 ; new, 360, 392
Gladiolus, the bride, 14; Colvillei alba, 354
Glasnevin, 534
Gold well Park, 664
Good-luck Narcissus, 668, 755
Gooseberry, Whinham's Industry, 413
Gooseberries for New York, 140
Gordonia grandis, 474
Gourds, 689
Grafting on cuttings, 631
Grape Black Hamburgh in India, 565 ; Gros Colmar, 666 ; Gros Colinar and Gros Maroc, 699 ; Lady Downes Seedling at Clovenfords, 728, 758
Grass crops, prospects of the, 270
Grasses, ornamental, 137
Gray, Asa, scientific papers of, 660
Greenham Lodge, 664
Grevillea asplenifolia, 192
Grove, The, Stanmore, 526
Gueldres Rose leaves, 332
Gum Arabic, substitutes for, 600
Gypsophila paniculata, 327
H
Haarlem, 162
Halton, 379, 436
Hampton Court wilderness in 1735, 667
Hanbury Medal, the, 535
Hanbury's, Mr. T., garden, 622, 638
Hardiness of plants, unusual, 212
Hardwicke Hall, 239
Hardy, M., banquet to, 661
Hardy fruit garden, cultural opera- tions, 15, 45, 73, 98. 140. 168, 189, 222, 245, 273. 301, 329, 357, 391, 418, 441, 469, 499, 531, 563, 595, 638, 659, 691, 723, 757 -
Hardy fruits in North Yorks, 249 ; plants at Kew, 240
Harpalium rigidum, 159<
Harvest home, 463
Hay, heating of damp, 659
Heckfield Place, 210
Hedychium Sadlerianumx, 219
Helenium Hoopesii, 43
Heliopsis, 385
Helleborus niger, leaves of, curling up, 476, 479
Hen, precocity in a, 419
Herbaceous border, 43, 159, 298, 326, 385, 445, 654
Herbaria, H. G. Reichenbach's, 757
" Herbes for Salade," 363
Hibiscus mutabilis, 446
Highbury, plants at, 419
High moulding, 110
Hippeastrums, 498
Hobart, Tasmania, horticulture at, 75
Holland Park gardens, 619
Hollies, transplanted, 600
Hollyhocks, disease of, 68, 279
Homestead orchards, 387
The Gardeners' Chronicle,]
INDEX.
[December 28, 1889.
Hooper & Co.'s nursery, 655
Hop crop, the, 534
Hornbeam, the pyramidal, 594
Horticultural club, 443, 661, 728
Horticulture, co-operative, 218 ; pro- blems in, 361 ; schools of, 684
Horticulturists, index of famous British, 388, 630, 663, 728
Hoteia japonica, 665
Humea elegans, 14
Hyacinth, the, 29!)
Hybridising, 141
Hydrangeas, 297
Hydrosme Eichleri, 633
Hynienocallis expansa, 327
I
Ijipatiens Hawkeri, 477
Insect pests, 185
Insects attacking Chrysanthemums,
537, 568; injurious to vegetation,
416 Intercropping, 472
Inula glandulosa, 43 ; grandiflora, 19 Ipomcea propagation, 664, 699 Iris Bornmuelleri, 279; I. Ksempferi,
297 ; I. stylosa var. grandiflora, 666 Irises, English and Spanish, 448 Isoloma hirsuta, 141 Ivies at Chiswick, 693 Ixias, 43, 418 Ixora macrothyrsa, 303
Jalap plant, the, 730 Jatropha urens, 751 James's, Mr. H., nursery, 466 Jankea Heldreichii, 415, 444 Japanese dwarfed trees, 136, 360 ;
flowers, fragrance of, 509 Jardin des Plantes, 183, 683 " Jardin de Wilton," sale of, 630 Jarrah wood, 332 Jasminum gracillimum, 751 Jute and Cotton, inflammability of,
compared, 107
K
Kalanchoe carnea, 751
Kalosanthes, 243
Kendal Natural History Society, 444
Kent, Mr. A. H., 662
Kenward, fruits at, 223
Kew, hardy plants at, 240
Kew, plants at, 26, 138, 503, 594; Pleiones at, 439
Kill wasp, Maddock's, 392
King's Heath, vegetables at, 568
Kitchen garden, cultural operations, 15, 73, 98, 133, 189, 217, 245, 273, 301, 329, 357, 391, 413, 441, 469, 499, 531, 595, 627, 659, 691, 723, 751
Kniphofia hybrids, 562; K. natalensis, 332 ; species of, 588 ; the genus, 562
Kniphofias, 600
Krelage & Sons, Haarlem, robbery at Messrs., 757
Labels, Copper, 276
Lachenalias, 356
Lielia anceps Barkeriana, 716; L.
crispa var. delicatissima, 186 ; L.
Measuresiana, 387 ; L. monophylla,
137 ; L. superbiens Quesneliana, 242 Lajlio-Cattleya x, species of, 155;
L.-C. Victoria, 560 Laing, Messrs. J., & Sons' nursery, 296 La Mortola, 622, 638, 720 Landscape Gardening in Persia, 689 Lane, Messrs. H., & Sons' nursery, 332 Lapageria rosea, 602 Larkspur, peloria in, 250 Lasiosiphon anthylloides, 446 Lathyrus Drummondi, 48, 80, 196; L.
Sibthorpii, 477 Laurels, 360
Law: — Blackmore v. Tooley (steal- ing pears), 573; Branch v. Gough (wages), 573 ; Ford v. Freeman (gardener and employer), 573 ; Winsley v. Freeman (gardener and employer), 573; Hawkins & Bennett v. Ware (naming of plants), 337; Legerton u. Harrison (seeds), 394 ; Sawyer v. Bains (Spirals), 510, 542, 572 ; Winfield v. Dean (claim for prize money), 47S
Leaf colour in the garden, 387, 392,
506, 538, 56S Leaf structure, 688 Leafing of the Oak and Ash, 19 Leather, preservation of, 385 Leaves, curled, 250; colour in, 387,
392, 506, 538, 568 Leek Cemetery, 219 Lee's, Messrs. C. & Sons' nursery, 106,
156, 720 Legion of Honour, the, 534 Leguminous plants and their nitrogen,
727 Lemons and Oranges, 720 Leptotes, species of, 323 Library, a, for gardeners, 719 Lightning, effects of, 18, 140, 448 Lilacs, double, 195 ; a new race of, 132 Lilies at Mr. W. Bulls, 331 Lilies in Pots, 43 Lilium auratum, 279 ; prolification in,
81 ; L. longiflorum Harrisi, 43, 72,
448; L. nilgirense, 602 ; L.testaceum,
360 ; L. Wallichianum superbum,
444 Lily, the " Good Luck,'' 668 ; the
Madonna, 416 Lily of the Valley, 665 Lily of the Valley, foreign trade in,
361 Limes of Western Europe, 75 Lindley & Hooker, 48 Lindsay, Mr. as president of the
Edinburgh Botanical Society, 628 Linum arboreum, 26, 508 ; L. flavum,
26 ; trigynum, 527 Liquidambar styraciSua, 477 Lisianthus Russellianus, 223 Lissochilus speciosus, 419, 528 Little Park, Crookham, 664 Lobelia cardinalis, 419, 448 ; L. c. var.
Queen Victoria, 244 Lockinge, 405 London, new parks for, 564, 565 ; trees
for (see Trees for town) Loofahs, 219
Love of flowers, fostering the, 472 Low, Messrs. H. & Co.'s nursery, 417 Lowe's, Mr., nursery, Uxbridge, 268 Lupinus arboreus, 44 Luton Hoo, hardy Fernery at, 72 Lycaste costata, 242 ; L. cruenta, 96 ;
L. Skinneri alba, 528 ; L. Smeeana,
165 Lycesteria formosa, 189 Lycium barbarum, 506
M
Madeira, notes in passing, 687 ; Palms in, 330; Phytolacca dioica in ; Pine- apples in, 716
Madonna Lily, the, 416
Magnolia acuminata, 474
Magnolias, 215 ; spring flowering, 10
Maidstone, flowering plants of, 360
Man, agency of, on the Scotch flora, 103
Mandragora autumnalis, 631
Mango, the bee, 331
Mangoes, big, 360
Manresa House, lioehampton, 495
Manure liquid for the garden, 7, 67
Manures, 714; for Vines, 757
Market garden notes, 381
Marnock, R., the late, 623, 667
Masdevallia tovarensis, 654
Massachusetts Hort. Soc, 662
May, Mr. G.'s, Nursery, 721
Medicinal Plants, 495, 588
Medinilla amabilis, 304
Melons in the South of France, 276; three crops of, from one plant, 539
Melville Castle, 435
Merite Agricole, order of, 443
Mice, field, 732
Michaelmas Daisies, 472
Michigan Agricultural College, 624
Mignonette, 225 ; for winter, 139
Miller's, Mr., nursery, 664
Miltonia Blunti var. Lubbersiana, 757 ;
M. Russelliana, 716; M. vexillaria
superba, 757 Monotropa hypopitys, 195 Montbretia securigera, 275 Moor Park, Rickmansworth, 214 Mormodes buccinator, 731 ; M. luxa-
tum, 186 Moth, the winter, 587, 632, 668, 755 Moths, the umber and winter, 624 Mount Rainier, 352 Mountains of New Guinea, 330 Mucca-mucca, 574 Mulberry, introduction of, to England,
37 ; the Tonquin, 384 Mulching, 19 Musa, a new, 727
Mushrooms in railway tunnels, 439 Mutisia decurrens, 440
N
Njegelia cinnabarina, 244
Names, popular (Madonna Lily), 416 ;
rectification of, 136 Narcissi, early, 472, 689 Narcissus, hybrid, 79; N. juncifoliox
muticus, 161, 194; N. tazetta, 392 ;
in China, 668, 755 National Auricula and Carnation
Society (S. S.), 415, 502 ; Carnation
Society, 74 ; C hrysanthemum Society,
302 ; Rose Society, 598 Native plants, disappearance of, 388,
694 Naudin, Mr. C, honours to, 661 Nectarine, Precoce de Croncelles, 537 Nelumbiums out of doors, 183 Nepenthes, 354 ; at J. Veitch and Sons,
388 ; Burkeii, 566 ; Curtisii, 660 Nerine angustifolia, 195 Newbury, gardens about, 664 New Guinea, mountains of, 330 New York, Central Park, 248 New Zealand, 300 ; Flax, 239 Nicotiana colossa, 727 Nine Wells, the, 5 Nitrogen, how leguminous plants get,
727 Nomenclature of Conifers, 470; of
Orchids, 46, 104, 191, 387; of
plants, 65, 414 North Devon Fernery, the, 536 Nuffield Priory, 324 Nutrition, co-operative, 623 Nymphrea alba x pygmita, 138; N.
tuberosa, var., 138
Oak leaves, 332 Oakwood, Lilies at, 362 Oberonia ensiformis, 560
Obituary.— Ball, J., 502, 573 ; Berke- ley, Rev. M. J., 141 ; Boscawen, Hon. & Rev. J. T.,46 ; Clingo.William, 84 ; Curtis, H., 639 ; Dartnall, David, 84 ; Davies, W., 573 ; Fraser, R. C, 389 ; Hall, 389 ; Lane, John Edward, 76 ; Lendy, Major A. F., 450; McNab, Dr. W. R , 670 ; Marnock, R., 588 ; Sage, Mr. G., 109; Tillvard, G. B., 304; Tyerman, J. S., 639 ; Vallance, G. D., 226; Vidal, S., 444; Ward, Dr., 662; Williams, Mrs. B. S.,450; Wright, Thomas, 395
Odontoglo8sum Brandtii, 591 ; O. cris- pum, 382; O. c. Wilsoni, 411; O. Uunneweilianum, 591 ; O. Oerstedii majus, 69; U. Pescatorei, 272; O. P., spotted lipped var., 684; O. Ro- ezlii, 272 ; O. Schroderianum, 242
Odontoglossums, hybrid, 727 ; in cool houses, 49 ; want of success with, 476, 505
Oenotheras, 109
Oil and wine flasks, Italian, 662
Olearia macrodonta, 48
• Incidium anthrocrene, 591 ; O. flexu- osum, 355 ; O. linguiforme, 42; O. Mantini, 467 ; Q. Marshallianum, 757 ; O. Retemeyerianum, 294 ; O. splendidum,96, 757 ; O. Schlimii, 42
Oncidiums wanted at Kew, 46
Onions, 449 ; in Alexandria, 663
Oodeypore, 500
Orange culture in Florida, 722, 755
Oranges and Lemons, 720
Orchard, the, 732
Orchards, how to improve, 558
Orchid culture, past and present, 237, 269
Orchid houses, 14, 132, 245, 301, 390, 440, 498, 531, 627, 658
Orchid notes and gleanings, 10, 42, 69, 95, 131, 165, 186, 215, 242, 270, 294, 324, 355, 381, 411, 438, 466, 492, 528, 560, 591, 624, 654, 716, 757
Orchids at Allerton Beeches, 10 ; at Mr. Boyes, 325 ; at Mr. Bull's, 325, 382 ; at The Firs, Sydenham, 356 ; about Glasgow, 270 ; at Kew, 503 ; at The Kilns, Falkirk, 654 ; at Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, 565 ; at Messrs. H, Low & Co.'s, 417 ; at Lythe Hill, Haslemere, 757 ; at Manningham Thorpe, 591 ; at Mr. Measures', 242 ; at Messrs. Sander's, 624 ; at Mr. Sillam's, 355 ; at Studley House, 654 ; at J. Veitch & Sons', 131, 324 ; at B. S. Williams & Son's, 755 ; at Woodlands, Streatham, 528
Orchids, list of garden, 78, 155, 323, 354 ; malformations in, 26 ; nomen- clature of (see Nomenclature) ; roots of, 272
Orchis hircina, 42 ; O. latifolio-macu- lata, 10
Owen's, Mr. R., nursery, 496
Owen's, Sir Richard, Cottage, 662
Oxford, physick garden at, 80
Palms branching, 277 ; Coco - nut, beetles injuring, 694; in Madeira, 330
Pandanus labyrinthiacus, 47
Pansies, disease of, 168
Papyrus antiquorum, 476
Paris Exhibition, notes from the, 154, 193, 220, 304, 332, 352, 534 ; gar- dening at the, 77, 491
Paris, gardens of, 240, 277, 326 ; Jar- din des Plantes, 183, 683
Park, new, for London, 565
Parks, Chrysanthemums in the, 503 ; gardening in the, 153
Passiflora quadrangularis, 568
Pasture plants, 416
Pea Charles I., 327 ; King of the Mar- rows, 595 ; a mildew-resisting, 509 ; Royal Jubilee, 110
Peas after Daffodils, 333 ; and mildew, 167 ; first early, 44 ; forcing, 278 ; late, 327 ; new and old varieties of, 49 ; progress in, 387 ; topping, 249
Peach, Alexander, 214 ; Everardt, 140; Noblesse, heavy, 49 ; leaves, diseased, 504, 667, 732 ; orchards of California, 416
Peaches, 279 ; and Cucumbers, spot- ting of, 355; at Nuffield Priory, 324, heavy, 49, 166, 249; spotting of, 355
Pear Alexandre Lambre, 194 ; Comte de Lambertye, 537 ; Emile d'Heyst, 445 , Monastery, 140 ; Pitmaston Duchess, 509; Souvenir du Con- gres, heavy, 362 ; Triomphe de Vienne, 445
Pears, early, 194 ; for East Anglia, 538
Peat for paper, 331
Peed, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery, 466
Pelargoniums, 270 ; colour in, 137 ; propagating, 472, 632 ; winter- ilowering zonal, 696
VI The Gardener-' Chronicle,]
INDEX.
[becember 28, 1SSB.
Pellionia Daveauana, 529; pulchra, 620
Peloria in Larkspur, 550
Pentstemon barbatus var. Torreyi, 446 ; P. Menziesii, 594
Pentstemons in winter, 249
Penzance, gardening at, 163
Perennials, planting of. 666, 685, 759
Perkins, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery, 465
Persia, gardening in, 689
Phaius maculatus, 242
Phalsmopsis culture, 499, 568; P. Maria;, 131 ; P. violacea and others. 438
Pharus, dispersal of fruits of, 303
Philadelphia, 756
Philadelphus, monoecious, 75
Phlox Drummondii, 363
Phloxes, early flowering, 326
Phoenix Roebeleni, 475, 757
Phormium tenax, 239
Phyllanthus nivosus variegatus, 504
Phylloxera law9 at the Cape, 502
Phytolacca dioica in Madeira, 218
Picotees and Carnations, 138
Pierre Blancard, 534
Pilea Schlechtendali, 530
Pine-apples in Madeira, 716 ; under vines, 568, 631, 667
Pink, the, 561
Pinks, proposed exhibition of, 661
Pinus Ayacuite (Isle of Man), 599; P. excelsa capitata, 388 ; P. laricio Ka- ramana, 9 ; P. silvestris columnaris compacta, 388 ; P. strobus excelsa zebrina, 388
Pipe joint for tubular boilers, a new, 472
Plan for a garden in the lake district, 412
Plant collar, expanding, 306
Plant food, 48
Plant names, English, 758
Plant Portraits : — Adiantum tetra- phvllum var. obtusum, 297 ; Amor- phophallus Eichleri, 730 ; iEchmea Drakeana, 297 ; JR. Mertensii, 417 ; Angra;cum hyaloides, 730 ; A. San- derianum, 417 ; Anguloa Clowesii, 297 ; Anthurium Andreanum var. atropurpureum, 248 ; A. Dechardi, 76 ; A. Scherzerianum fruit, 76 ; A. S. var. Mdlle. Lucienne Linden, 297 ; A. S. var. Madame de la Devansaye, 622 ; A. S. var. Madame Desmet-Duvivier.76; Apple, wax, 248 ; Aquilegia flabellata, 217 ; Arachnanthe Clarkei, 417; Aristo- lochia hians, 417; Azalea, Dr. Mezger, 417 ; A. Eborina plena, 417 ; A. J. W. Moore, 417 ; A. Souvenir de Prince Napoleon, 417 ; Begonia peltata.var. President de Boureuilles, 248 ; B. Scharffiana, 76 ; Berberis lycium, 417; Bifrenaria aurantiaca. 417 ; Bolbophyllum Lobbi, 417 ; Bougainvillea glabra, 76 ; Cabomba aquatica, 730; Calanthe d'Ar- blayana. 76, 217; C. masuca, 622 ; Canna indica, 248; C. Madame Crozy, 417 ; Carludovica rotun- difolia, 622 ; Catasetum macro- carpum var. chrysanthum, 622 ; Cat- tleya eldorado virginalis, 417; C. labiata Gaskelliana, 622 ; C. Master- sonia; X,417; C. Mossircvar. Waro- queana, 297 ; C. Trianse (Popayan var)., 248 ; C. Walkeriana, 76, 417 ; C. Warscewiczii, 297 ; Ceratotheca triloba, 417 ; Chrysanthemum, Stan- stead Surprise, 690, 730 ; Clintonia Andrewsiana, 730 ; Crinum Schim- peri, 622 ; Cypripedium Arthuria- num X , 622 ; C. barbatum var. War- nerianura, 76 ; C. Dauthieri marmo- ratum, 622; C. Lathamianum X,41; C. macropterum x, 622; C. nitens X,76; Dendrobium infundibulum. 622 ; D. Paxtoni, 417 ; Dietes Hut- toni, 297 ; Echinopsis cristata, 76 ; Elseagnus argentea, 730 ; Epi- phyllum Makoyanum Russellia- num var. Gaerbaueri, 417 ; Epiden- drum prismatocarpum, 622 ; E.vitelli- num, 417; Eremurushimalaicus,417;
Eucalyptus stricta. 417 ; Euchsia tri- phylla. 690, 730 ; Gerbera Jamesoni, 622 ; Gladiolus x , Pres. Carnot, 417 ; Gordonia anomala, 622 ; Gossypium Comesii, 622 ; Grewia parviflora, 690 ; Griffinia hyacinthina, 622 ; Iris Barkeriana, 690 ; La:liaelegans,417; L. glauca, 690 ; L. maialis, 297 ; La- genaria verrucosa, 417 ; Latace Volkmanni, 217; Lobelialaxiflora,76, 217 ; Masdevallia chimasra, 730; Ne- penthes Dicksoniana X , 417 ; Odon- toglossum Alexandra; Wilsoni, 417 ; O. Andersonianum var. angusta- tum, 417; O. Brandtii, 622; O. Cervantesli, var. decorum, 622 ; O. cu3pidatum xanthoglossum, 622; O. Roezlii, 297 ; Oncidium ampliatum majus, 297 ; O. anthrocrene, 090 ; O. Lanceanum, 623 ; Passiflora coc- cinea, 623; P. triloba, 248; Pear calabasse Abbe Fetel. 248 ; P. Charles Delatin. 76; P. Le BruD, 090 ; P. Seckle, 690 ; Phaius pauci- florus, 623 ; Phyllocactus delicatus, 417; Plum, the Kelsey, 690; Pri- mula cortusoides, 248 ; P. Palinuri, 690 ; Prunus Simoni, 248 ; Benan- thera Lowii,297; Restrepiaantenni- fera, 248 ; Rudbeckia laciniata, 76 ; Sarracenia Wrigleyana X. 417 ; Sta- pelia marmorata, 297 ; S. mutabilis, 297 ; Shepherdia argentea, 730 ; Stemmatium narcissoides, 217 ; Thu- nia Marshalliana, 297 ; Thrinax ex- celsa, 730 ; Tigridia Pringlei, 76, 730; Tillandsia Geissei, 217; T. streptophylla, 76; Tulipa Batalini, 417 ; T. Dammanni, 76 ; T. Maxi- mowiczii, 417 ; T. vitellina, 730 ; Urceolina pendula, 76 ; Vanda Hookeriana, 023 ; Vriesia Alberti X , 76; V. Magnisiana x, 76, 248; V. Maria; X, 76: V. versaillensis, 417; Xylobium leontoglossum, 623 ; Yucca filifera, 417 ; Zygopetalum crinitum, 217
Plants and their culture, 14, 45, 72, 98, 132, 161, 189, 216, 244, 272,328, 357, 390, 413, 440, 469, 498, 530, 563, 595, 658, 690, 723, 751
Plants, New or Noteworthy, de- scribed : — Acineta chrysantha, 94 ; Adiantum paradisoe, 558; Albuca trichophylla, 94; Aloe Monteiroi, 523; Anthurium cymbiforme, 67; Antrophyum Mannianum, 465 ; An- ubias heterophylla, 67 : Asplenium dimidiatum, 465 ; Bulbophyllum fallax, 538 ; Catasetum fimbria- tum, 406; Cattleva intricata X, 38 ; C. velutina, '406 ; Calogyne Rossiana, 650; Colchicum, new type of, 750 ; Cymbidium madidum, 406 ; Cypripedium Beatrice. 267 ; C. de Witt Smith, 6: C. Figarox, 750; C. Minerva, 4(54 ; Davallia nigres- cens, 465 ; Dendrobium trans- parens alba, 95 ; Eulophia bella, 210; E. callichroma, 298; Fritil- laria hericaulis, 38 ; Gladiolus Leichtlinii, 154 ; G. (Nanceianus), Lemoine's new, 154 ; G. Turicensis x , 183; Laelio-CattleyaX aurora. 3*0 ; L.-C. Cassiope, 620 ; L.-C. eleeans Cooksoni, 587; L.-C. Stella, 322; Liparis Bowkerii, 684 ; L. fulgens, 620 ; Lissochilus speciosus, 380 ; Luddemannia Pescatorei, 183; Mas- devallia coccinea, 239 ; M. Ellis- ianaX, 154; Massonia amygdalina, 715 ; Miltonia Schroderiana. 210 ; Montbretia securigera, 210 ; Ne- penthes Burkei, 492 ; Odonto- glossum Harryanum var. flavescens, 38 ; O. Hunnewellianum, 67 ; O. WendlandianumX. 6; Ornithoga- lum apertiflorum. 38 ; Paulowilhel- mia speciosa, 749; Phaius philip pinensis, 239 ; Pinus latifolia, 587 ; Podophyllum pleianthum, 298 ; San- Beviera subspicata, 436 ; Spiraea kamtschatika, 126 ; Stapelia Des- metiana and var. apicalis, 684; S.
erectiflora, 650 ; Tigridia buccifera, 350; T. Pringlei, 322; Watsonia iridifolia var. O'Brieni, 350
Plants, &c, certificated during the half year by the Royal Horticultural Society, 718 Plant shelters, 700 Plants, colour in, 125, 159, 187, 211 Plants, origin of cultivated, 381 Plumeria bicolor, 303 Plum Conference, 275, 335 Plum Orleans, 214 ; Reine Claude de Bavay, 509 ; Simon's, 141 ; the Czar, 163 Poinsettias, 244 ; dying off, 333 Polemonium paucitlorum, 96 Pollen, direct influence of, 530, 600 Polyanthus, the gold-laced, 656 Polygonum amplexicaule var. oxyphyl-
lum, 662 ; P. vaccinifolium, 505 Polygonums, 508 Polypodium chnoodes, 327 Poppies, 38
Poppies, the Shirley, 19, 80 Post-office, the, and newspapers, 727 Potato, Jubilee, 507; Stourbridge
Glory, 419 Potato crop, American, 214, 472 ; re- ports on the, 156 Potato disease, the, 74, 166, 195, 214, 223 ; improvements in, 407 ; planting deep v. fleet, 538 ; scab experiments, 651, 699; sets, and planting, 386 Potato-tuber beetle, 361 Potatos, cultivation of, 193 ; extraor- dinary crop of, 419 ; large yield of, 477 ; new varieties of, 392 Pot washing machine, 222 Pot plants, watering, 95 Pots, glazed, for Orchids, 223 Pourthieoea villosa, 506 Presentation to M. Benary, 365 ; to Mr. Christy, 630; to Mr. Gold- smith, 535 ; to Mr. Huntley, 248 ; to Mr. Rabone, 276 ; to Mr. W. H. Williams, 76 ; to Mr. D. Williams, 417 Primroses, hardy, 631 Primula iaponica. 244 ; P. obconica. 134, 504. 539 ; P. Poissoni, 361 ; P. sinen- sis, 6 ; P. s. Princess Louise, 506 Primulina tabacum, 356 Priorwood, Melrose, 650 Promena;a stapelioides, 42 Propagation of Combretum and Ipo-
nioea, 664 Pteris cretica uobilis, 560 Public garden, new, for London, 564 Pyrola rotundifolia, 195 Pvrus prunifolia. 560; P. torminalis,
'560 Pyxidanthera barbulata, 594
Queen, the, in Wales, 246
Radiator, the " Uncle Sam," 504 Ragi flower, English consumption of,
663, 699 Railway rates, 162, 471, 501, 564,
693, 754 Railway smoke, soot, &c, 247 Ramondias, 14 Raspberry, proliferous, 446 Raspberry Superlative, 194 Raspberries, 688 Reichenbach injustice, an, 535; Will,
the, 17; date of, 573 (in obituary
notice of John Ball) Renanthera coccinea, 242 Rheumatism, new cure for, 305 Rhododendron Falconeri (Isle of Man),
599 Richardia ajthiopica, 354 Richards, Mr. W„ 692 Riley, Professor, honours to, 219 Robin, a yellow, 539 Roezl. memorial to, 387
Rogers family, the, 629
Root pruning, 622
Roots of Orchids, 272
Rosa berberidifolia, 8, 42, 668; pro- liferous, 78; R. gigantea, 12; R. laevigata, 496 ; R. pomifera, 248
Rosccea, purpurea, 186, 249
Rose Duchesse de Dino, 599 ; For- tune's vellow, 69 ; Princess Ste- phanie,'352; Rubens, 162; The Puritan, 49 ; the white Moss, 19
Rose, a remarkable, 472
Rose beds, 696
Rose Conference, the, 16, 47, 66
Roses, attar of, 542 ; attar of, in Cyprus and Germany, 728 ; forms of, 40 ; hybridisation "in 695 ; in 1889, 473; in pots, 698 ; in winter, protection of, 10; moss, 750 ; new, of 1887, 474 ; new, of 1888, 474 ; pot culture and propaga- tion of, 213 ; protection of, in winter, 68 ; shortening the names of, 96 ; single, 351 ; Tea, at Taunton, 447 ; unpruned, 305 ; what to plant, 588 ; yellow, origin of, 73
Royal Aquarium, proposed shows at, 534
Royal Botanic Society, 192 ; gardens of, 184 ; Jubilee Fete of, 74
Royal Horticultural Society, 415 ; arrangements of, for 1890, 693, 731 ; Certificates of, SO ; finances of, 47 ; floral committees, 732, 758 ; a hint for 333; time of meetings of, 471, 506, 538, 602; plants certificated by, 718
Royal Scottish Arborieultural Society, 164 ; excursion of, 181
Rubus occidentalis, 110; R. odoratus, 189
Rudbeckia laevigata, 385 ; R. purpurea,
385 Rudbeckias, 654
Rural industries, encouragement of, 444
Sacred tree, an ancient, 535
Salads, winter, 494, 539
Salep, Royal, 304
Salvias, 354, 652 ; at La Mortola, 720
Sambucus racemosus, 506
Sandleford Priory, 664
San Francisco, park of, 736
Satyrium coriifolium, 388
Satyriums in flower, 165
Saxifraga Fortunei, 526, 633 ; S. F.
and its allies, 508 ; S. Macnabiaua,
295 ; S. Wallichiana, 526, 567 Scabioaa major, fl.-pl. Snowball, 503 Scabious, sweet, 139 Schizanthus, 139 Schizostylis coccinea, 652 Schceteria Delastrina, 506 School botanical gardens, 566, 592 Schools of horticulture, 684, 758 ; Schubertia grandiflora, 354, 476 Sciadopitys verticillata, 164, 222, 278,
303 Science and art classes in North
London, 276
Scientific Committee: — Abies Nord- manniana, 20, 168 ; Amorphophallus titanum, 19 ; Apple, Lady, 507 ; Burrs on Fir trees, 106; caterpillars, blight of, 19 ; Chrysanthemums, origin of, 602 ; Chrysanthemums, monstrous, 602 ; Clematis vitalba, 603; Fern, prothallus, with water pores (?), 168; fog, report on the effects of, 507 ; Gentiana amarella and G. germanica, 507 ; hail, effects of, at Kew, 168 ; Mint, flowering, 168 ; Mint with spiral torsion, 168 ; Oranges attacked by fly, 507 ; Peas, diseased, 168, 507 ; Pelargonium, ivy-leaved diseased, 168; Plum leaves blighted, 168 ; Poa pratensis, 20 ; Potato, reversion in, 603 ; Potato, water culture of, 168 ; Pinus austriaca injured, 168 ; Pyrethrum
The Gardeners' Chronicle,]
INDEX.
[December 28, 1889. Vll
attacked by insects, 19 ; Rhododen- dron and Azalea bigener, 507 ; K. Indico-javanieum bigener, 602 ; Rosa berberidifolia, 19 ; Rose of Lan- caster, red, 168; Rubus occidentalis, 168; Sex, change of, induced by a parasitic fungus, 507 ; Urtica dioica monoecious, 20 ; Vegetable Marrow malformed, 168
Scotland, 198, 305 ; flora of, and
human agency, 103; wild flowers of,
164 Scottish Meteorological Soc, 565 Scrophularia nodosa variegata, 159 Seaside plants, 220 Season, the, 602 Seed harvest of 1889, 565 Seed trade, 270 ; American 472 Seeds in Germany, 471 ; sprouting of,
407 Selenipedium caudatum, 95 Senecio petasites, 46 Servia, fruit and vegetable culture in,
662 Seseli gummiferum, 360 Sewage, 49
Sex, determination of, 733 Shipley Hall. Orchid houses at, 214 Shoots of Spruces nibbled by birds, 223 Slugs in the garden, 80, 633 Sobralia leucoxantha, 186
Societies, Exhibitions of, &c. : — Aberdeen, Royal Horticultural of, 310, 450; Antwerp, 600; Ather- stone, 192 ; Barton - on - Humber, 670 ; Basingstoke, 251 ; Bath, 309; Belfast, 702; Berkhamsted, 387 ; Birmingham, 599, 635 ; Boston, 55; Bradford, 606; Brighton, 336, 603 ; Carnation and Picotee Union, 168; Chiswick, 53, 598; Chrysan- themum Conference, 540 ; Croydon, 604 ; Crvptogamic of Scotland, 421 ; Crystal Palace, 307, 421, 572 ; Dal- keith, 305; Derby, 634; Devizes, 603 ; Devon and Exeter, 251, 634 ; Dutch Horticultural, 389, 638; Ealing, 81, 571; Eastbourne. 253; Edinburgh Botanical, 81, 628, 633, 734 ; Edinburgh Chrysanthemum, 606,637,669; Edinburgh Plum Con- ference, 335 ; Edinburgh Working Men's, 220; Falmouth, 635 ; Finch- ley, 535 ; Frome, 164 ; Ghent, 638 ; Gosport, 542 ; Gravesend, 599 ; Hammersmith, 565 ; Harpenden, 280 ; Hastings, 223 ; Highgate, 605 ; Hitchin, 606; Hull (see N. S. S. Provincial. 636) ; Ipswich, 571, Jeisey, 598; Kent County, 571; Kingston, 604 ; Leicester, 197 ; Leith. 254 ; Linnean. 24, 597, 662, 693; Liverpool, 170, 668; Maiden- head, 225; Manchester, 192, 606; Musselburgh, 254; National Auri- cula (s. s.), 478 ; National Chrysan- themum, 309, 420, 449, 478, 541, 568, 637, 669, 701 ; National Pro- vincial, 636 ; National Carnation and Picotee. Ill ; National Co-operative, 225 ; National Dahlia, 306 ; National Rose, 49, 112, 669; Newcastle, 336 ; North of Scotland Horticultural. 471 ; North of Scotland Root, 572 ;
Notts, 332 ; Orchid&nne of Brus- sels, 565, 694; Oxfordshire, 281; Paris, 220 ; Pembroke, 603 ; Ports- mouth, 81, 571 ; Reading, 605, 280; Reigate, 605 ; Richmond, 25; Rom- sey, 164 ; Rose Conference, 20 ; Royal Caledonian, 53, 308, 701 ; Royal Horticultual, 19, 52, 111, 168, 196, 223, 250, 306, 335, 363, 393, 419, 477, 507, 540, 602, 700, 733, 757 ; Royal Horticultural of Ire- land, 254, 604; St. Neot's, 193, 572; Salisbury, 572; Scottish Hor- ticultural, 54i 170, 281, 393, 541, 566, 606, 637, 609, 701; Scot- tish Pansy ; Scottish Primula, 701 ; Sevenoaks, 253; Sheffield, 598; Shrewsbury, 252 ; Smithfield Club, 730; Southampton, 169; South- end, 603 ; Stirling, 336 ; Stock- port, 638; Taunton Deane, 224; Teddington, 605; Thames Ditton, 170; Tiverton, 629; Torquay, 18; Trentham, 170; Trowbridge, 253; Tunbridge Wells, 113, 604 ; Twicken- ham, 54, 635 ; Vegetable Con- ference, 363; Walton, 604; War- wick Amateurs. 163; Watford, 75, 634 ; Westbourne, 19S ; Wilts, 254 ; Winchester, 25; Wolverhampton, 82 ; Woolhope Club, 449 ; Yarmouth. 599 ; York florists, 636
Solanum glaucophyllura, 183 ; S. Wendlandi, 304
Sorbus aucuparia and S. americana, 560
Sparrows, 666
Spathoglottis Vieillardi, 186
Spinach, Victoria, 594 ; S. Viroflay, 633
Spirrea Douglasii, 476 ; S. japonica, 14 ; S. palmata, 80 ; S. palmata elegans, 568
Spiraas, shrubby, poisonous nature of, 419
Spotting of Peaches and Cucumbers, 355
Spraying fruit trees, 72 ; effects of, 141
Spring, prospects of, 632
Sorouting of seeds, 407
Stachys, 164, 220, 599, 633
Stamford Lodge, Chrysanthemums at, 632
Stanley's travels, 628
Stapelia gigantea, 192
Starch in leafstalks, 418
Stenoglottis fimbriata, 438
Stevens, Mr. G.'s nursery, 536
Stock-taking : June, 75 ; July, 192 ; August, 331 ; September, 443 ; October, 565 ; November, 694
Stocks, East Lothian, 139
Stokesia cyanea, 658
Strawberry, a new, 49 ; British Queen, 80, 140, 279 ; Laxton's Noble, 7, 79 ; Waterloo, 140
Strawberries, 48 ; blind, 19 ; plague on, 49 ; planting, 418, 476 ; prices of. 18
Sander, Messrs. F. & Co.'s. nursery, 624
Summer growths, 80
Sunflowers, double, 334 ; double yellow, 445, 506; perennial, 623; single and double, 445
Sunningdale, sale of stock at, 387
Swakeleys, 408
Sweden, tree planting in, 48
Sweet Pea, the, 392
Syon Gardens, Brentford, 527
Syringa villosa, 47
Tacsonia Volxemii, 139
Thames Embankment, trees on the,
222 Thomson's, Messrs., nursery, Cloven- fords, 496 Thoresby, 182
Thorns, for smoky districts, 733 Thuia, an aged, 662 Tillandsia Lindeni, 387 Timber, Japanese, 198 ; creosoting,
703 ; preserving, 703, 728 Tiptree Hall Farm, 389 Tobacco at the Cape, 542 Tomato, a dessert, 278; Ham Green
Favourite, 17, 305 ; Perfection,
595,732; Twickenham Red, 362 Tomatos, 509 ; under glass, 190 ;
watering and mulching, 19 Tongues in trees, 321, 438, 557, 649,
717 Town gardening, 534, 716 Town trees, 134, 165, 196, 198, 222 Tree bridge over a ravine in Gipps-
land, 107 Tree Btruck by lightning, 18, 140,
448 Trees and shrubs, 9, 39, 189, 474, 560,
594, 670 ; at Segrez, 474 Trees and vestries, 104 ; enemy of big,
594 ; for towns, 134, 165, 196, 198,
222; Japanese dwarfed, 136, 360;
on the Thames Embankment, 222 ;
protecting from rabbits, &c, 667 ;
property in, 332; temperature of,
599 Tritoma (see Kniphofia) Tropajolum nanum, 503 ; T. apecio-
sum, 219 Tuberoses in the open, 353 Tuileries, the site of the, 75 Tulipa Batalini. 469 ; T. Maximowiczi,
469 Tulips, new, 469 Tulip tree, the Chinese, 718 Turner's Mr., nursery, Uxbridge, 268
U
Ulmus campestris var. tricolor, 49
Umberslayde Hall, 323
United Horticultural Benefit and
Provident Society, 48, 472 United States, agricultural produce,
163 ; national flower of the, 392
Vancouver's Island, 593
Vanda Kimballiana, 165, 294, 333; V.
Lowii, 325 Vegetable conference, 167, 190, 191,
218, 220, 302, 305, 332, 358, 363,
386, 598 ; Certificates of Merit at.
365, 393
Vegetables, 44, 139, 509, 594; at Bloemfontein, 472; food of, 446; from France, 502 ; old, 417
Vegetation, insects injurious to, 416
Veitch, dinner to Mr. H. J., 444
Veitch, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery, 77, 97, 295, 324, 382, 387, 388, 504
Verbenas, cut, at flower shows, 279, 333
Veronicas, disease of, 506 ; New Zea- land, 623
Victoria, Wattle Bark in, 384
Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co., the firm of, 727
Vine from China, 528
Vines, Italian, 189 ; manures for, 755
Violas, bedding, 243
Violet Marie Louise, 667
Vriesia Maritc x , 566
W
Waddesdon* Manor, 39
Walks, concrete, 538
Walks, turf, in the kitchen gardens,
505, 538, SOS, 601; and carriage
drives in gardens, 601 Wallace, Dr. A., 629 Ware, Mr. T. S.'s nursery, 504 Wasing Place, 664 Wasps, 223
Waterer's, Mr. A., nursery, 8 Waterer's, Messrs. J. & Sons, nursery,
382 Watering of Pot-plants, 95 Water-rats, 632 Wattle Bark in Victoria, 384 Wax, Chinese white, 44 Weather, the stormy, 219 Weeds, 473 Welbeck, 182 Wheat crop of 1889, 501 Wheat, Ladoga, 599 ; varieties of, 163 AVilliams, Messrs. B. S. & Son, 509 Williams, B. S. & Son's, nursery, 18,
535, 755 Window-plant competition, 248 Winter moth (see Moth) Women's work, 76 Worksop Manor, 182 Wreaths, Egyptian, 17
Year's work, the, 752
" Yellows," Iron for, 278
Yemen, 694
Yorkshire, a garden in north-west, 494
Young, Mr. Maurice, 685
Yucca aloifolia, 249 ; Y. gloriosa varie- gata, 305 ; Y. g. v., in flower, 276
Zinnia Haageana, 75 Zizvphus vulgaris, wood of, in Italy, 629
Vlii Tlie Gardeners' Clirouicle.)
INDEX.
[December 28, 1889.
LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.
Abutilon vitifolium var. alba, 157
Adiantum regin;e, 557
Alpine botanic garden, views of an,
325, 328 Amorphophallus titanum at Kew in
various stages, 12, 20, 21 Anthocoris minutus, 537 Araucaria imbricata. leaf structure of,
688
B
Banksia marginata with curled leaves,
251 Bark mite, 760
Beetle causing Palms to branch, 274 Berkeley, the late Kev. M. J., 135 Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, new
houses at, 12'J Buddleia auriculata, 529 Bulb, an inverted Narcissus, 731 Bulb of Scilla developing offsets, 731 Burbidge. Mr. F. W., M.A., portrait of,
213
Calanthe sport, 633
Cambridge Botanic Garden, new houses at, 129
Carnation fungus, the, 195
Castle Ashby, scene in the park, 471 ; terrace garden, 465
Cat, a tortoiseshell, 729 ; used to pro- tect seeds, &c, from birds, 728
Cattleya- house, Mr. Hollington's, 390
Chrysanthemum Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, 533
Chrysanthemum, a trained, 525
Chrysanthemum pests, 537
Chrysanthemum sport, 632
Chrysanthemums, a group of. at Coombe Leigh, Kingston-on-Thames. (See Supplement, December 14.)
Clethra arborea, 353
Clissold Park, views in, 166, 167
Combretum, propagation of, 665
Coprophilus striatulus, 361
Cordyline australis in Cornwall, 756
Cucumber Lockie's Perfection, 601
Cyclamens, a group of hardy. (See Supplement, November 30.)
Cycnoches pentadactylon, 188
D
Daffodil bulbs, lifting, 241 Dahlia gracilis var. superba, 271 lutea, 267
Dendrobium polyphlebium and var. D.
p. Emerici, 244 Disease of Carnations, 195
Enys, Cordyline australis at, 756 Eucalyptus amygdalina used as a dwelling. (Supplement, July 6.)
Falmouth and district, garden views
at, 749, 753 Ferrieres, the wintsr garden at, 303 Fig tree, a gigantic, at Roscoff, 468 Finsbury Park, view in, 185 Fruit-drying apparatus, 277
Garden, a, of the fifteenth century,
295 Gladioli, types of Lemoine's new
hybrid, 359 Gourds, Indian, 689
II
Halton, basket Lvd at, 383 ; floral vase at, 437 ; flower garden at (See Supplement, October 5) ; winter garden at (See Supplement, Octo- ber 19).
Hollies, transplanted, 597
Hollyhocks, a study in, 69
I
Ipomcea, propagation of, 665
K
Keteleeria Fortunei, leaf structure of,
688 Kniphofia caulescens, a group of.
(See Supplement, November 16.)
Larkspur, peloria in, 250
Leaf structure of Araucaria imbricata,
688 ; Keteleeria Fortunei, 688 Leaves, curled, in Banksia marginata,
251 Lemons and Oranges, a group of Indian,
721 Leucadendron argenteum, near Table
Mountain, 725 Luton Hoo, hardy fernery at. (See
Supplement, July 20.)
M
Marnock, the late R., portrait of, 589 Masdevallias, a group of, 621
N
Narcissus bulb, an inverted, 731 ; N. juncifolio X muticus, 160 ; N. Ta- zetta (the Good Luck Lily), 668 Nepenthes Burkeii, 493; Curtisii, 661 New York, view in the Central Park at, 247
Odontoglossum Pescatorei var., 685 Oodeypore, view in the Maharana's garden at. (See Supplement, No- vember 2.) Oranges and Lemons, group of Indian, 721
Palm beetle, 274
Palm, branching, 275
Palms in the public gardens, Madeira.
(See Supplement, September 21.) Paulowilhelmia speciosa, 748 Peloria in Larkspur, 250 Penjerrick, view in the gardens at,
749 Phoenix Roebeleni, 475 Phytocoris campestris, 537 Phytolacca dioica in Madeira. (See
Supplement, August 24.) Pine-apple house, a, in Madeira, 717 Plan of a garden in the lake district,
412; of Dunfermline School Garden,
567 ; of Moston School Garden,
593 ; of Murchiston School Garden,
566
Plans of Rose beds, 697 Plant-collar, expanding, 307 Podophyllum pleianthum, 299 Polemonium pauciflorum, 97 Potato-tuber beetle, 361 Pot-washing machine, 222 Primulina tabacum, 356 Pteris cretica nobilis, 561
Radiator, the " Uncle Sam," 505
Raspberry, prolified, 446, 447
Rosa berberidifolia, 8, 9 ; R. b., pro- lified flower, 78 ; R. gigantea, 13 ; R. laevigata, 497
Rose beds, plans of, 697
Rose Rubens. (See Supplement, August 10.)
Rose, seedling, 79
Roses, ideal forms of, 40, 41, 50, 51
Sage, the late G., portrait of, 109 Salvia Bethelli, 657 ; S. splendens var.
Bruanti, 653 Scarabceus Rhinoceros, 274 Scilla bulb developing offsets, 731 Senecio petasites, 47 Shipley Hall, Orchid-house at, 216 Silver-leaf trees near Table Mountain,
725 Strawberry planting, good and bad,
419 Swakeleys, views at, 409, 415
Tillyard, the late G. B., 305 Tomato house, a, 191 Tree bridge in Gippsland, 105 Tritoma (Kniphofia) caulescens, group of. (See Supplement, November 16.)
Vanda Kimballiana, 335
Vines in pot for table decoration, 108
LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS.
Chrysanthemums, a Group of, at Coombe Leigh, Kingston, December 14. Cyclamen, a Group of Hardy, at Sprowston, November 30. Gum Thee, a Giant, used as a Dwelling, in Victoria, July 6. Halton, Entrance to Winter Garden at, October 19. Halton, View in the Flower Gakden at, October 5.
Kniphofia caulescens, a Group of, November 16.
Luton Hoo, View in the Hardy Fernery at, July 20.
Oodeypore, View in the Gardens of H.H. the Maharana of, November 2.
Palms in tbe Public Gardens, Madeira. September 21.
Phytolacca dioica in Madeira, August 24.
Rose (Tea) Rubens, August 10.
Established
No. 132—Yol. VI. {ST™°}
SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1889.
/Rent.
\WITH
Newspaper, f PRICE 3d - >PLEMENT.\ POST-FEEE, 3£rf.
CONTENTS.
|
Azaleas at Knap Hill |
8 |
Maguolias, spring-flower- |
|
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Book- |
ing |
10 |
|
|
English Flower Garden |
18 |
Manchester Botanical Gar- |
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Carnations, hardy |
19 |
dens |
7 |
|
Colonial notes |
12 |
"Nine Wells " |
5 |
|
Cultural memoranda |
14 |
Oak and Ash, the |
19 |
|
Cypripedium De Witt |
Odontoglossum Wendland- |
||
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Smith |
6 |
ianum X |
6 |
|
Delphiniums |
18 |
Orchid houses |
14 |
|
Dendrobium crystallinum |
H» |
,, notes |
10 |
|
Dii-ease of Daffodils |
18 |
Plants and their culture . |
14 |
|
Dublin University |
17 |
Ramondias |
14 |
|
Egyptian wreaths |
17 |
Reichenbach's Will |
17 |
|
English gardening, his- |
Rosa berberidifolia |
8 |
|
|
tory of |
ia |
,. gigantea |
U |
|
Eucalyptus amygdalina . . . |
14 |
Rose Conference, the 16 |
2i |
|
Florists' flowers |
6 |
Roses, protection of |
10 |
|
Flower garden |
15 |
Shirley Poppies |
19 |
|
Flowers in season |
17 |
Societies : — |
|
|
Foreign correspondence ... |
14 |
Linnean |
24 |
|
Frutt register |
7 |
Richmond |
25 |
|
Fruits under glass |
15 |
Royal Horticultural ... |
19 |
|
Fungi |
17 |
Scottish Pansy |
25 |
|
Gardeners' Orphan Fund . |
17 |
Winchester |
2b |
|
Hardy fruit garden |
15 |
Strawberries |
18 |
|
Inula grandiriora |
19 |
„ blind |
19 |
|
Kitchen garden |
15 |
Tomatos, watering |
19 |
|
Liquid manure for the |
Trees and shrubs ... |
9 |
|
|
garden . * |
7 |
Weather, the |
26 |
|
Mulching |
19 |
Williams' nursery |
18 |
Illustrations.
Amorphophallus Titamim 12,20,21
Eucul) ptus amygdalina as a dwelling (Supplement).
Rosa berberidifolia 8,9
,, gigantea ... 13
Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column.
Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d.
7*>I£E GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE. 1889. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.
ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W. FLORAL PARADE and FEAST of ROSES, MONDAY, July 15. Gates open at 2 o'clock. The Bands will play from 2 to 7. Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by Vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price 10s. each; or on the day of the F3te, 20s.
ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W. FLORAL PARADE and FEAST of ROSES. LA>T DAY FOR ENTRIES of EXHIBITS, MONDAY, July 8. Schedule of Prizes and all information to be obtained from the Office in the Gardens.
ALEXANDRA PALACE.
S. Lee Bapty, F.R H.S., General Manager. GRAND ROSE SHOW, July 12, 1889. Liberal Prizes iu all Classes of Ro-es for Vrofessional and Amateur Growers. Pri/es paid on the day of the show. A special local Prize for exhibitors residing within five miles of the Palace. Excellent facilities for Trade Exhibits. In addition will be celebrated the beautiful festival
" THE CROWNING of the ROSE QUEEN," with full pro-ession, choir, band, and organ accompaniment. Schedules are no-w ready.
R. BEALE, Secretary of the Rose Show, Alexandra Palace.
BEDFORD and BEDFORDSHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SIXTH ANNUAL SHOW at Bedford. July 17, 18R9. Special PRIZES for ROSES and CUT FLOWERS. Open to all England. Entries Close July 9. Schedules and Entry Forms to be obtained of HENRY TEBBS, Hon. Sec.
Stoneleigh, Bedford.
0
BARTERS' "TESTED"
FOR PRESENT SOWING.
SEEDS
CABBAGE.— CARTERS' HEARTWELL MARROW, acknowledged to be the finest early Cabbage in cultivation, price Is. Qd. per ounce, Qd. and Is. per packet, post-free.
CARTERS' MAMMOTH BEEFHEART, the best main crop Cabbage, price Is. Qd. per ounce, Qd. and Is. per packet, post-free.
T ETTUCE.— CARTERS' GIANT WHITE
J.-i COS, price 2s. 64. per ounce, Qd. and Is. per packet, post-free.
DUNNETT'S GIANT WINTER COS, price 2s. Qd. per ounce, Qd. and Is. per packet, post-free.
CARTERS* LONGSTANDER, price Is. and 2s. Qd. per packet, post-free.
ALL THE YEAR ROUND, price Is. 3d. per ounce, Qd. per packet, post-free.
ON I O N— CARTERS' GOLDEN GLOBE TRIPOLI, price Is. and 2s. Qd. per packet, post-free. CARTERS' GIANT WHITE TRIPOLI, price Is. per ounce ; Qd. per packet, post-free.
CARTERS' GIANT ROCCA, price Is. 3d. perounce, post-free. CARTERS' WHITE EMPEROR, price Is. and 2s. Qd. per packet, post-free.
SPINACH.— WINTER or PRICKLY, price 2s. per quart, Is. 3d. per pint, 3d. per ounce.
c
ARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed
Warrants, 237 and 2138, HIGH HOLBORN. LONDON.
PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, (Treat quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C.
KAFFRARIAN PALM. — Fresh Seeds in July of HHCENIX RECLINATA. Apply to Messrs. HURST and SON. 152, Houndsditeh. E. ; or to J. C. NELSON, Cambridge Nurseries, Kaffraria, South Africa. Nurserymen's CATALOGUES desired.
PRIMULAS, Double" White, 5.s. per doz., 35s. per 100. Prices for quantities on application. Terms cash with order.
TAYLOR and CO., Nurservmen, Tiniperley, Cheshire.
HOOPER and CO (Limited), are in a position to guarantee the highest Market Prices for EUCMARIS. LILY of the VALLEY, ROSES, ORCHIDS, ARUM LILIES, and every description of Cut Flowers. Com- municate with Commission Department. HOOPER and CO. (Limited), Covent Garden. London, W.C.
AUSTIN ROBERTS is preparedto RECEIVE CHOICE FLOWERS for Di«po*al at best Market Prices. Quick Sales, prompt returns, and Weekly Settlements. Good references. Boxes and Labels supplied. 26, Russell Court, Catherine Street, Strand, London, W.C.
MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup. and 285,286,287.288. Flower Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxen and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, B0>CUP."
JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention secu-ing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market. Covent Garden. W.C.
WANTED, MAIDENHAIR FERNS, in small pots, tit to shift on. Also ARUM LILIES, those that have been rested preferred. State lowest cash price per 100. — A. ROFE, Crowborough, Sussex.
WANTED, LAD Y~ M IDDLETON I'ARNATIOM, true. Good price will be given for good stuff.— JESS, Broadlands, Bexley Heath, S.E.
WANTED, a Small FLORIST and SEED BUSINESS, with Jobbingaltuched. Suburbs. Must be ren*onnb!e. — E. B., 16, Norway Terrace, Glo'ster Koad.C'rjydon.
Sow Now. QUTTONS' FLORISTS' FLOWER SEEDS.—
O Suttons* Perfection Calceolaria, 3s. Qd. and 5s. per packet ; Sutton's Superb Cineraria, 2s. Qd. and 5s. per packet ; Sutton's Prize Gloxinia, 2s. Qd. and 5s. per packet; Sutton's Prize Cyclamen, 2s. Qd. and 5s. per packet; Sutton's Prize Begonia, 2s. Qd. and 5s. per packet; Sutton's Superb Primula, 2s. Qd., 3s. Qd., and 5s. per packet. All Flower Seed-* sent free by Post. Sutton's Seeds genuine only Direct from SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING.
GERANIUMS — GERANIUMS.— All the finest sorts, from Eugli^h. and Continental raisers, for Pot Culture for Summer or Winter, bought in every spring; tried and inferior kin^is discarded. 12 fine Single Zonals, 4s. ; 12 fine Doubles, 4s. ; 12 beautiful Ivy-leaf varieties, 4s.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
LILY OF THE VALLEY. First-class German tlowering Crowns.
Any quantity.
H. D A M M a N N, Jun,
Breslau.
ROMAN HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS, LILIUMS, TUBEROSES, and many other FRENCH BULBS, grown and offered by LOUIS BREMOND, Ms, Ollioules, Fr.ince.
WHOLESALE LIST on application to WILLIAM DEN- MAN. 7, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C.
EUCHARIS AMAZONICA.— lOfTPlantsTin No. 8 pots. These are in grand health, with fine foliage. Warranted free from mite. Only want to be seen. Will take highest offer.
BIGG, Florist. Jetfrey9 Road, Clapham Road, S.W.
PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS- PRIMULAS.— Twentieth year of distribution. Williams' Superb Strain, Is. 6d. per dozen. 10s. per 100. CINERARIAS, same price ; also double white PRIMULAS, 6d. each. Carriage free for cash with order.— JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries. Coventry.
NATIVE PLANTS, FERNS, and SEED'S, of N**w Zealand :— Ranunculus Lyalli, R. Buchauani, R. Godleyanus, Conlylinis, Clematis, Celrnisias, Ourisias, &c. — Can be supplied in any quantity at low rates by GEORGE M \T- THEWS, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Dutch Bulbs.
HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES, &o., all first-class roots. Prices per 1000 on application to P. van TIL Jz., and CO., Florists, Hillegom, near Haarlem, Holland.
LAXTON'S NEW STRAWBERRIES Must be grown by all. Descriptive LIST, with prices of "Latest of All" (new, 1889), "Noble," "A. F. Barron," "Commander,'' Sec, now ready. Six 1- inuVclass Certificates.
THOMAS LAXTON, Seed Grower, Bedford.
STRAWBERRY RUNNERS for FORCING. —Black Prince, Thury, Paxton, President, and other favourite varieties. Descriptive LIST, with prices, ou appli- cation. Sample of plants, post-free, 3d.
W. LOVEL and SON, Strawberry Planters, Driffield.
MATERIALS FOR SHADING GREEN- HOUSES. &c— Tiffany. Scrim Cloth, Cotton Netting, Summer-Cloud. &c. Patterns aod Priced List free on application. DIOKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER.
ICOTINE bOAR— An effectual erad.cator
of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury to foliage. Jars, Is. Qd., 3s., 5s. Qd. ; Tins 16s. Qd., 25s., 95s. All s.'e smen an! Florists.
-THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT
A. MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carnage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS. Clovenfords. Galashiels, N.B.
ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure.
It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In bags : LIS lb.. 19s. ; 66 lb., lis. 3d. ; 2& lb.. 6s. 9d. ; 14 lb., 4s. ; Tib. ,2s. 3d. Intins, Is. each. Sole Manufacturers, PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.( Limited), 9, Bull Ring, Birmingham.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July G, 1889.
SALES by AUCTION.
Wednesday, July, 17.
SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER aud BUD.
MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, KiDg Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, July 17. at half past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if gentlemen desirous of ENTERING LOTS FOR THIS SALE, will please SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT.
Nottlng Hill.— To Florists and others.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokenhouae Yard, E.C., on WEDNESDAY. July 10, at 2 o'clock in separate lots, the BENEFICIAL INTEREST in the LEASES of the PRE- MISES, Nos. 1 and 2, Ladbroke Grove, and No. 10, The Mall, High Street, Notting Hill, with the old-established Florist's Business attache! thereto, Glasshouses, &c, particularly adapted for the Cut Flower and Furnishing Trades. May be viewed.
Particulars obtained on the respective premises of SHY, LUCAS and WARD, Solicitors, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.
Friday, July 12.
HIGHLY" IMPORTANT SALE by order of Messrs. F. Sander & Co.. offered for the first time, the new specially magnifi- cent GRAMMATOPHYLLUM MEASURESLANIUM, only a few plants having been received. The beautiful new .•ERIDES SARAGEANIUM. The grand new SACCO- LABRIUM ROBINSONIANUM. For description of the above three magnificent novelties see Catalogue. ZYGO- PETALUM LUCIDUM RALF. The only plant flowered, and very beautiful, for full description tee Gardeners' Chronicle, June 29th last. The rare and beautiful ODON- TOGLOSSUM WENDLANDIANUM, CYPRIPEDIUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM, CATTLEYA CHRYSOTOXA. Among this lot will be found C. CHRYSOTOXA, C. SANDERIANA. C. HARDYANA, and others. GAL- LENDRA DESCAY'NOLLEANA. The magnificent ODON- TOGLOSSUM HYSTRIX, CATTLEYA MENDELII from the very best districts ; ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXIL- LARIUM — the very finest type will be found amongst this importation; CATTLEYA SUPERBA, from a hitherto un- searched district; ONCIDIUM SPLENDIDUM— grand lot of this magnificent species ; ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX- ANDRA, best tvpe ; O. LUTEO-PURPUREUM, O. BIC- TONENSE, O. PULCHELLUM MA.TUS ; the rare ON- CIDIUM ASCENDENS. Grand importations of the above, and many other splendid ORCHIDS, for description of which, see Catalogue.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SKLL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, July 12, 1889, at halt-past 12 o'Clock p'ecisely.
On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Friday Next.
ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, July 12, about 100 Lots of well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS; also 2 Cases of IMPORTED ORCHIDS from Burmah. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had.
Acton.
Important to Florists, Speculators, and Others.
An exceedingly choice FREEHOLD NURSERY or
BUILDING ESTATE
Preliminary.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, Token- house Yard, E.C, on WEDNESDAY, .1ULY 31, in 1 LOT, the very VALUABLE FREEHOLD ESTATE, known as the Priory Nursery, Acton Lane, Acton, with the whole of the numerous and substantially-built Glasshouses, Trade Buildings, &c. The Estate possesses a considerable frontage to Acton Lane, and contains a total area of about \\ Acres.
Particulars, with Plan, may be had on the Premises; at the Mart, E.C; of Messrs. FORD. LLOYD, BARTLETT, & M1C1IELMORE, Solicitors, 4. Bloomsbury Square, W.C. ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, 07 and OS, Cheapside, Laiulon, E.C.
Horticultural Grounds, South Kensington, S.W.
By order of the Royal Commissioners of the Exhibition of 1851. To Gentlemen building, Greenhouse and Conservatory Builders, Nur.-erymeu, aud others.
MESSRS. HORNE, SON, and EVERS- FIELD, are instructed to include in their SALE on the premises on TUESDAY, July 9. at 12 o'Clock, the grand CON- SERVATORY adjoiuing the Albert Hall, the glazed Cover- ings and Enclosures over the Quadrants, the Zinc Verandah -with iron ribs, arched supports, girders, and ornamental columns, l.V'OO feet super, of Minton's Tesselated pavement, including three exceedingly ornamental squares, 26 by 21 feet, and 12 by 10 feet. Three " Weeks " Patent Vertical Tubular Boilers, eight " Weeks " upright and Heating Apparatus, 12,00 i feet of 4 and 6 inch iron hot water Piping with bends, junctions, and ends; 800 feet of 16 inch wide ornamental Iron Gratings, Bra-> Hydrants, and Piping, Decorative Terra Cotta Columns, Capital-, Krieze, Shields, and Spandrils, specimen Greenhouse Plnnts and Shrubs in tubs, wire Trellis Work, Statuary, Stone Vases. Tazzas, &c.
May be viewed a week previous to the sale, and catalogues had on the premises, and of HORNE, SON and EVERSFIELD, 17, Great George Street, S.W., and 84, Basinghall Street, E.C.
Note.— The Auctioneers beg to call attention to this favourable opportunity of acquiring first-rate Greenhouse Materials and Fittings, much of the glazing is in frames capable of being taken down and re-erected at very little cost, while man . of the lots would form nearly complete buildings in themselves. The Grnud Conservatory 240 feet long, 64 feet wide, and 75 feet high, isnearly entirely constructed of iron and glass, the fornvr put together with bolts and screws, and pre- senting no difficulties in the way of re-erection; it will be first offered as a whole, and if not then soli, then in lots, the fcr*t lot including the whole of the upper part, which would in \\>e\i form a Conservatory of about 210 feet long, 44 feet 9 inches wide, and 38 feet high.
Re Glbbs, deceased.— Piccadilly, on the Sutton Estate.
VALUABLE LEASEHOLD PROPERTY, for occupation or investment,
MESSRS. EDWIN FOX and BOUSFIELD will SELL, at The Mart, on WEDNESDAY, July 10, at 2 o'Clock, the valuable GROUND LEASES of the command- ing modern Residential and Business PREMISES, Nos. 24, 25, and 26, Down Street, one door from Piccadilly, immediately opposite the entrance to Junior Athenreum Club, s;x storeys in height, with capital suites of Chambers on the upper floors, and Shop, Warehouse, and Counting-house on the ground floor. Held fof44 years unexpired, at a moderate ground*rent. Pat-t of the Premises is let on lease to responsible tenants, ap4 pos- session of the- Business Premises and Manager's House can be had. The total annual value of the whole may fairly be taken at £700.
Particulars of Me&srs. HURFORD and TAYLOR, Solicitors, 5, Furnival's Inn. E.C; J. J. FREEMAN, Esq., Solicitor, 2. Poet's Corner, Westminster, S.W.; at The Mart; and of Messrs. EDWIN FOX and BOUSFIELD, No. 99, Gresham Street, Bank, EC.
Good Chance for Florist and Jobbing Trade. T^OR SALE, a Small NURSERY, Main Road,
JL close to a Station, consisting of three good Greenhouses (all Span-roof), Frames, Furnace, and Hot- water Piping, Stock inside and out. Tools, &c, as a Going Concern. Good London suburb. Must be Sold, or a PARTNERSHIP arranged, Owner has appointment. Address,
O. G , 41, Wellington Street, Strand, "W.C.
T'HE OLD-ESTABLISHED SEED BUSI- NESS of THOMAS GIBBS and CO., of Piccadilly, London, carried on successfully for over a century, is FOR DISPOSAL, with Goodwill of same, with or without Stock-in- Trade. Book Debts, &c, by private treatv.
Full particulars to be had of Mr. J. MELADY, 24, Down Street, Piccadilly, W.
Home Counties.
Adjacent to important Market Town.
\TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are
1VL instructed to LET or SELL a capital FREEHOLD PROPERTY, comprising with Residence, Cottage, 11 large Greenhouses, and ample Outbuildings, particularly adapted for Fruit and Plant Growing. The Premises are well known, and have gained a great reputation.
Rent and full particulars furnished on application to the Avictioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C.
Horticulture.
TO BE SOLD or LET by PRIVATE TREATY, one of the Old-st-established NURSERIES in the Kingdom, celebrated for Roses and Fruit Trees, delight- fully situated in one of the best fruit-growing counties in England, and admirably adapted for fruit growing upon an extensive scale. The Nurseries and Grounds comprise 79 acres, 2 roods, 14 perches, stocked with the finest collections of Ro'-es, Fruit Trees, and choice Hardy Trees, having also very exten- sive ranges of Glasshouses, commodious Buildings and Offices, HOUSES for Clerks and Foreman, Large DWELLING- HOUSE, replete with every convenience. Altogether, this is one of the most desirable Freehold Properties of the kind ever offered.
Full particulars and order to view on application to 309, Midland Comities Herald Office, Birmingham. (2884.)
TO BE LET, from Michaelmas, DYSON'S FARM, at Edmonton. Comprising a comfortable House, ample Stabling, Bunching Sheds, and other Buildings; and 38 acres of Market Garden Land, now occupied by Mr.Hollington. Apply to Messrs. PHILIP D. TUCKETT AND CO., Land Agents, 10A, Old Broad Street, E.C.
To Florists, &c.
TO LET, a HOUSE and SHOP, N.W. Excellent opening. Close to large cemetery. Main thoroughfare. Fast rising neighbourhood. No other near. Apply by letter to OWNER, A. D., 9, Hasker St., Chelsea, S.W.
To Nurserymen, Florists, and Others.
TO BE LET, at Brentwood, in the midst of a high-class residential neighbourhood, a LARGE PIECE of LAND, upon which are a small House and Shop, and several Greenhouses. The rent is moderate, and to a practical man with a knowledge of the Cut-flower Trade a nrstrate oppor- tunity offers itself for establishing a lucrative business. An allowance would be made by the landlord towards necessary repairs.
For particulars apply to ALFRED RICHARDS, Auctioneer and Land Agent, 8, New Broad Street, London, E.C.
Crown Lands. Eltham, Kent.
To NURSERYMEN and MARKET GARDENERS.
TO BE LET, from Michaelmas next, about 35 acres of valuable LAND, in the town of Eltham, as a Nursery or Market Garden. For particulars apply to Mr. JOHN CLUTTON, 9, Whitehall Place, Westminster, S.W.
Ponder's End, Middlesex (8 miles from London).
To NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.
TO BE LET, on Lease, one to twenty acres of rich MEADOW LAND for 21, 60, or 80 years at £10 to £12 per acre, with option of Purchasing the Freehold during the first 9 years.
Apply to A. and G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End, Middlesex.
Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed
BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF.
MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be obtaiued, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C.
ORCHIDS.— Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price List free, JAMES CYPHER, Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham.
T UTON HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
\-U ANNUAL SHOW, JULY 21 and 25. Open Division, First Prize £10. For particulars, apply to
J. GARDENER, Hon. Sec. 30, Langley Street, Luton, Beds.
TRENTHAM and HANFORD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The SECOND ANNUAL EXHIBITION -will be held iu Trentham Gardens, on JULY 25, by kind permission of the Duke of Sutherland. PRIZES to the amount of ONE HUN- DRED and FIFTY POUNDS will "be given. First Prize Col- ' lection. Fruit, 8 dishes, distinct, £7. 36 Roses, distinct, £8. Entries close, July 17. For Schedules, apply,
JOHN TAYLER. Trentham, Stoke on-Trent.
STAMFORD and DISTRICT HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY'S SHOW, FRIDAY and SATUR- DAY', August 9 and 10. Special Prizes (open to all) for Roses. For -schedules. Sec., apply, ARTHUR WM. EDWARDS, Sec.
SHREWSBURY GREAT FLORAL FETE,
O WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, August 21 and 22.— For Twenty Plants, £25. £20, £15. For Grapes, £60. Collection of Fruit. £10, £6, £3. Collection of Vegetables, £5, £3, £2. Messrs. Webb's Prizes for a Collection of Vegetables, £5, £3, £2, £1. Valuable Prizes -off ered by_ .Messrs... Sutton Ji .Sons. Schedules may be had from
Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON, Hon. Sees., Shrewsbury.
TNTERNATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM
JL CENTENARY EXHIBITION, to be held in Edinburgh, on NOVEMBER 21, 22, and 23, 1889. Prizes offered in Money and Silver Cups, to value over TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY*, POUNDS, including the " City of Edinburgh" Cup, value £J0. Prize Schedules and Rules to be had on application, to Messrs. MUNRO and FERGUSON (Joint Hon. Secretaries), 6, South Saint Andrew Street, Edinburgh.
THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO.
(JOHN COWAN), Limited,
Make SPECIALTIES of the following: —
ORCHIDS, of which they have an immense stock, and they are constantly receiving fresh importations from various parts of the world.
ORCHID BASKETS, made of the best Teak and Copper Wire.
COWAN'S PATENT ORCHID POTTERY, which should he used for all Orchids.
ORCHID PEAT Of best quality. Sphagnum MOSS. Best Wood CHARCOAL.
TEA and Other ROSES In pots. The Company have a large and splendid stock, all healthy and vigorous.
FERNS, a large and fine stock of the leading kinds.
GRAPE VINES. The Company's Stock is, as usual/unsur- passed by any in the country. Strong Vines raised from eyes this season, tit for immediate planting.
STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANrS, suitable for table and other purposes, in great variety. The Company offer all the above at the lowest possible
prices. Descriptive PRIOE LISTS, post-free, on application to
THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GAKSTON, LIVERPOOL.
Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, Lilies, Sec.
CG. VAN TUBERGEN, Jun., Haarlem, • Holland.— Wholesale CATALOQUE now ready, and may be had free on application to
Messrs. R. SILBERRAD ASD SON, 26, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, London, E.C.
LILIES OF THE VALLEY! English-grown ! The best for early forcing, finest large flowers, and superior in every respect to German crowns. Price per 1000, 10.000, to 100,000 on application.
T. JANNOCH, Lily of the Valley Grower by Special Appoint- ment to H.R.H. The Prince of Wale's, Dersingham, King's Lynn, Norfolk.
Trade only.
DAFFODILS.— Hartland's famous Bulbs, grown within 10 miles of the sea, soil limestone, 3 feel in depth, resting on gravel. Prices' very moderate. Bulbs magnificent, and being lifted now. Delivery, July and early August, a good month in advauce of the Dutch deliveries. Write for 4 page List of Illustrations by Gertrude Hartland.
WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware- house, 24, Patrick Street, Cork.
ROSES— CLEMATIS— ROSES— all in pots, can be sent and planted any time ; the finest named sorts. See Catalogue, with colours, description-*, prices of these, and all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps. 12 fine TEA and NOISETTE ROSES, 15,5. ; 12 Hybrid Perpetual ROSES, 12s. ; 12 Extra-sized Tea and Noisettes to force now, 30s. ; for Arbours, Pillars, Walls, &c.
3 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours. 3s. Qd. ; 6 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours, 6s. ; 12 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours, 10s. 6d.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
PALMS AND FOLIAGE.
SPECIALTIES.
An immense Stock always on hand of the leading varieties, in finest possible condition. ARECAS, CHAM/EROPS. CORY- PHAS, COCOS, KENTIAS, LATANIAS, SEAFORTHIAS, P1KENIX, FICUS ELASTICA, ARALIAS. A very large Stock of extra-sized plants of the above varieties, from 6 to 12 feet.
WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney; and 129 & 130, Covent Garden Flower Market.
July t>, 1889.]
TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
CARDENERS ORPHAN FUND.
NOTICE.
THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the SUBSCRIBERS to this FUND will be held nt the " CANNON STREET HOTEL," on FRIDAY, July 19th next, for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee and the Accounts of the Fund for 1888-9, Electing Officers for the ensuing year. Amending Rule XII. and for the Election of Five Children to the benefits of the Fund.
The Chair will be taken at 2 o'clock precisely, and the Ballot will close at 4 o'clock.
The Dinner will be held the same evening at 5 o'clock. Tickets, 5s. each.
A. F. BARRON, Hunorary Secretary. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens,
Chiswick, London, W. My, 1889. P.S.— The Voting Papers have all been issued ; any Subscriber not having received one, is requested to communicate with the Secretary.
PRIMULAS (Double White).— Well estab- lbhed, strong plants in 60's. 20s. per 100, £8 per 1000. Cash with order.
SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford, Middlesex.
King's Acre Nurseries, near Hereford.
JOHN CRANSTON and CO. beg to announce that their superb Collection of ROSES is now in full Uoom. Inspection invited.
f~ > HUB ARB— 20,000 large Roots, ten years li old, suitable for forcing. £1 per 100, on rail. Cash with order. .T. J. CLARK, West Brighton, Sussex.
PRIZE MEDAL
LAWN GRASS SEED.
SPECIAL MIXTURES For Lawns, Croquet and Tennis Greens, Cricket Grounds, Ornamental Parks, Cemeteries, &c.
We have pleasure in stating that we were awarded, at the Newcastle Exhibition, 1887, THE ONLY SILVER MEDAL, for the superior and genuine qualities of our Lawn Grass.
Our Special Mixture per lb., Is. ; per bush., 203.
Extra fine, suitable for Tennis^ iq drl 95q
Ccurts and Bowling Greens ( " "■ *u' " Am-
WILLIAM FELL & CO.,
ROYAL SEED and NURSERY ESTABLISHMENT,
HEXHAM, NORTHUMBERLAND.
C~~UTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 65. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or Qd. per cake ; free by parcel post, 1*.
None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions I enclosed, with our signature attached. I WM. CUTBUSH and SON, . j Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, ** Highgate Nurseries, N.
GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh, 1 sack, Is. 3d.; 10 sacks for 12s. ; 15 for 17s. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; 2 ton truck free on rail, 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d. ; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. 6i. per sack ; 5 for 20s. Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. 6d. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s. per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian ■ Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum Moss, 2s. 6rf. per bushel; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6<?. per bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ; Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. foros. 6d. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3s. per sack. Speciality Tobacco Paper, and Cloth, Is. per lb. ; 28 lb. for 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen. Virgin Cork, 28 lb., 5s. 6rf.; 56 lb., 10s. ; 1 cwt., 17s. Write for free Price List.— W. HERBERT and CO., Hop Exchange. Southwark Street, London, S.E. (near London Bridge).
BONES !— BONES! !— BONES ! ! !
Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting, (Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding .GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES Jand FERTILIZERS for all purposes.
For Prices, apply to
HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited),
UAKRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY, S.W.
BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 25. Qd., 5s. Qd., and 10s. Qd. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield.
For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia
Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale, Worms, Wood Lice, &c.
^ DTY?<ODM A " THE UNIVERSAL IT I \J 4\ Ci k\ /a 5 INSECTICIDE.
SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, -1837 .—"Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I find it kills Green Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds ; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug, aud to far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much severer test ot efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or tpray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons.
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, January 7, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS."
Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists, in Bottles at is. Gd„ 2s. Qd„ and 3s. Qd. ; in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), 10s. Qd. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon.
Prepared only by
DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen,
Edinburgh.
May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from
WILLIAM EDWARDS AND SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London.
GARDEN
I REQUISITES. 1
Two Prize Medals.
Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.)
COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process),
sacks. Is. \d. each; 10sacks,12s.6^.; 15sacks,17s.6rf., 20sacks,
20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks,
40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities
of G., special quality, granulated iu sacks only, 2s. Qd. each
GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Qd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ;
BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Qd.
BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack; 5 for 20s.
COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6^. per bushel ; 14s. half toi. ;
24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat
Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.
Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin
Cork, &c, &r. Write for Price List.
Terms strictly Cash with order.
CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlllwall,
London, E. Bankers — Union Bank of fjmdon.
BENTLEY'S WEED DESTROYER.
Mr. Elworthy, Nettlecombe Court, writes: — " I have tried two factors, but I find yours much the most de- structive, yot full particulars apply to J. BENTLEY, CHEMICAL WORKS. BAKROW-OX-HI'MBER. HULL.
SAVE HALF THE COST.
G A R S I D E'S
BEDFORDSHIRE
SILVER SAND
Coarse and Fine,
Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in the Trade.
Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS.
Apply direct to the Proprletof for Samples and Price.
Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S., Lelghton Buzzard, Beds.
TOBACCO PAPER, best quality, Is. per lb. ; 11 lb., 13s. Do. CLOTH, is. per lb. ; 14 lb., 13s. Do. FIBRE, much stronger, and better than Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb.; 14 1b., 13s. 28 lb. carriage paid to any station. TheTrade supplied.— PEIRCEANDCO.,BelvoirRd.. St. Andrews, Bristol.
ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER and CO., Farnborough, Hants.
SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d, The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS and CO.<Limited),9,Bull Ring, Birmingham.
LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.— The best of all preparations for easily, cheaply, and effectually cleaning Plants from Green-fly, Thrip Scale, Bug, &c. Follow the directions, and you will always use it.
Pint, Is. Qd. ; quart, 2s. 9d. ; £ gallon, 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4 gallons, 3-ls. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfleld Nursery, Altrincham; 10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester.
SAFE, SURE, CHEAP, and RELIABLE.
THE
DEMON
No
Mealy Bug
No
Mildew
No
Scale
No
Blight
No
Green Fly
No
Red Spider
No
Slugs
No
Insect Pests
of any description
a
j>
INSECTICIDE.
The surest, safest, most effective, and econoynical Insecticide ever invented for use alike in the Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. 1 gallon makes 160 gallons of Insecticide.
On Receipt of Sixpence in Stamps we will post free, to any address, a sample j-pint tin — a practical trial will speak louder than words.
Testimonials constantly received.
Prices, delivered free to any address: — 1 pint, Is, 6a!. ; 1 quart, 2s. ; ^.gallon, 3s. 1 gallon, 4s. 6a\— tins free. 4 gallons for 8s. — Tin to be returned. Larger quan- tities at reduced rates. Sole proprietors —
DEtGHTON & CO., Manufacturing Chemists, Bridgnorth.
For Destroying Weeds on Garden Walks, Carriage Drives, Stable Yards, &c, also for Killing Plantain on Lawns. Saves more tnan twice its cost in Labour. No Smell.
One application will keep the Walks clear of Weeds for at least Twelve Months.
Used in tbe crystal palace gardens, the Alex- andra PALACE GROUNDS, the CAMBRIDGE BOTANIC GARDENS, and many other Public and Private Gardens.
Mr. W. G. Head, Superintendent of the Crystal Palace Gardens, says : — " We were so satisfied with your Weed Killer and its price, that we have used it absolutely. I have every confidence in recommending it."
Price:— 1 Gallon, 2s. (tin included) ; 5 Gallons, Is.Qd. pel- Gallon ; 10 to 20 Gallons, Is. id. per Gallon.
Carriage paid on 10 Gallons and upwards.
Used in the proportion of 1 gallon to 25 gallons of water, and applied with an ordinary watering can.
Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers — The AGRI- HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge, Kent, and Carlton Street, Bolton, Lancashire.
Sold in London by — HURST & SONS, 162, Hounds- ditch, E. : BARR & SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ; A. ROBINSON, 8, Leadenhall Street, E.C. ; and other Nurserymen and Seedsmen.
Complete Satisfaction Guaranteed
To all using preparations bearing our Trade Mark in accordance with our directions. Refuse Imitations,
THE SWIFT & SURE' INSECTICIDE.
Bottles, 1/6 6 3/6; gall., 10/6; 4 galls., 30/
•PERFECT WEED KILLER.-Gallon, 2/;
5 gal., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/6, 40 gal.. !/4 p. gal.
•PERFECT WORM DESTROYER.-
Bottles, 1/0 & 3/6; gal., 7/6; 5 gal., S/p. gal.
PERFECT" MILDEW DESTROYER-
Buttlcs, 1/ & 2/j gal., 8/; 5 gal., 5/ p. gal.
WITHOUT WHICH ' NONE ARC GENUINE.
•PERFECT" HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADINC.-
Tins-l lb., 1/; 2 lbs., 2/; (J lbs., 5/.
Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness and Efficiency Combined. Used at Keto Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, dc. Single bottles post free at published prices from the manu- facturers. Special quotations for quantities. Sole Manufacturers: The
Horticultural & Agricultural Chemical Co.
Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNQ & CO., 103 HOLM STREET, GLASGOW.
SOLD BY SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS.
GLIBRANS EUCHARIS MITE KILLER.
A CURE AT LAST FOR THTS DREADFUL PEST. Eucharis, treated according to the directions, and grown with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time, as a trial will convince. Numerous Testimonials.
Prices: — J pint. 1*. Qd. ; 1 pint, 2s. Qd. ; 1 quart, is. Qd. ; i gallon, Is. Qd.; 1 gallon, 12s. Qd.
Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfteld Nursery, Altriuchom; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[Juia 6, 1889.
MESSRS. BELL'S BOOKS FOR BOTANISTS AND GARDENERS.
Ready Now. Foap. Svo, 3s. Gd.
NAMES and SYNOKYMS of BRITISH PLANTS. Collating the
Nomenclature of the London Catalogue, Bullish Botany, Babingiug's Manual, Bentham's Flora, and Hooker's Student's Flora. With an Appendix, giving other names and their synonyms; and a list of authorities for plant names. By the Rev. G. EGERTON- WAR- BURTON. (Uniform with Mr. Hayward's Botanist's Pocket-Book.)
Sixth Edition, with new Appendix. Fcap. Svo, limp cloth, 4s. 6d.
THE BOTANIST'S POCKET-BOOK. Containing, in a tabulated
form the Chief Characteristics of British Plants, with the Botanical Names, Soil or Situation, Colour, Growth, and Time of Flowering of every Plant, arranged under its own Order, with a copious Index. By R. W. HAYWARD.
Post 8vo, 7s. 6rf. JOHNSON'S GARDENER'S DICTIONARY. With a Revised
Supplement containing all the New Plants and varieties to the end of the year 1880. By N. E. BROWN, of the Royal Herbarium, Kew. Edited by G. W. Johnson. SUPPLEMENT, separately, Is. Gd.
Third Edition. Large Post Svo, 7s. *'d.
RAMBLES in SEARCH of WILD FLOWERS, and HOW to
DISTINGUISH THEM. By MARGARET PLUES, Author of Floicerless Plants, British Grns.-es, &c. With yti Coloured Figures and numerous Cuts. " This little book has already, we are pleased to note, attained its third edition. We sincerely wish it that continuance of public favour which it so well deserves." Saturday Review.
A TREATISE on MANURES. By Dr. A. B. GRIFFITHS. F.R.S. \
(Edin.), F.C.S., Principal and Lecturer on Chemistry in the School of Science. Liucoln. With illustration*. Crown 8vo., 7s. Gd. (Whittake. & Co.) " The book gives evidences of an immense amount of hard work and extensive reading. We gladly welcome its appearance as supplying a want long felt in Agricultural literature." Farm and Home.
" The work is indeed a multum in parvo of information, valuable to the manure maker and the practical farmer, and must be most strongly recommended." Chemical News.
With 1,937 Full-page Coloured Plates.
SOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY. Containing a Description and i
Life-size Coloured Drawing of every British Plant. Edited and brought up to the Present ; Standard of Scientific Knowledge by J. T. BOSWELL. LL.D., F.L.S., &c. The Figures by I J. E. SOWERBY, J. W. SALTER, A.L.S.. and N. E. BROWN. In 12 vols., super-royal Svo, £24 3s. in cloth, £26 lis. in half-morocco, and £30 9s. whole morocco. Also in 89 parts, 5s. each, except the Index Part to the whole Twelve Volumes, containing r Scientific and Common English Names, with their equivalents in French and German. 7s. Gd.
■ BRITISH MOSSES. Their Homes, Aspects, .Structure, and Uses. |
Containing a Coloured Figure of each species, etched from Nature. By F. E. TRIPP. \
Illustrated with 39 beautifully-coloured Plates. New and Revised Edition. Two volumes, '
£2 12s. Gd. Offered at £l 15s.
" It is a book to read, to ponder, to mark, learn, and inwardly digest. . . . Let those who i
want to know the ' moral ' of Mosses enquire within the covers of the volume. He will there find J
that these humble plants have their uses, their virtues, and their mission." Morning 'Advertiser, ;
London: GEORGE BELL & SONS. YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
FERNS A SPECIALTY.
The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting Collection in the Trade. 1400 species and varieties of Stove, Greenhouse, & Hardy Ferns. Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application. Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustra- tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of Ferns, Is. Gd. post-free.
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD,
FERN NURSERY,
SALE, MANCHESTER.
ROSES IN POTS;
all the best New and Old English and Foreign
sorts, from 18«. to S6s. per dozen.
Descriptive List free on application.
RICHARD SMITH & CO.,
Nurserymen and Seed Merchants,
WORCESTER.
ROSES
IN POTS.
The finest Hybrid, Perpetual, Tea-scented, and other varieties, from 15s. to 42.s. per dozen. Catalogue of new varieties on application.
DICKSONS,
(Limited.)
The Nurseries,
CHESTER.
6s. Od. to 24s. Orf. p. do?.
30 0 „ 60 0 „
24 0 ,, 60 0 „
18 0 „ 30 0 ,,
24 0 „ 15 0 each.
6 0 ,, 24 0 „
9 0 „ 60 0 ,,
9 0 „ 60 0 ,,
9 0 ,, 60 0 „
6 0 ,, 60 0 „
6 0 ,, 60 0 „
12 0 ,, 60 0
TRADE OFFER OF PALMS, ETC.
ARECA LUTES
„ BAUERII
„ SANDERII
CORYPHA AUS
CHAM.EROPS E
EUTERPE EDULIS
GENOMA GRAC
KENTIA BEL
„ FOST
LATANIA BOURB
PHCENIX REC
„ RUPICOLA .. « „ i~ i „
DRACAENAS, OPHIOPOGOX, FICUS, PANDANUS
VEITCHII.
Prices for Urger Plants on application. Inspection invited.
WILLIAM ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden.
KELWAY & SON
Now is the time to plant : —
PYRETHRUMS, of which we grow 3 acres. DELPHINIUMS, do. do. 3 ,,
GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2 ,,
PHLOXES, PENTSTEMONS. " The largest collection in the world," for which the highest awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies of London have been given.
See Our MANUAL for 1889, Gratis and Post-free.
LANGPORT, SOMERSET.
Q ACRES HERBACEOUS and HARDY
O PLANTS, true to name, not seedlings (which are generally inferior to the type). Send for a Catalogue of all you want for a garden, free for 3 stamps. It includes over 1000 varieties, Belected during 15 years' careful study of this class of plant, and an annual buying in of all that seems good, and a weeding out of the poor kinds, with height, time of blooming, and other useful particulars.
12 Hardy HERBACEOUS PLANTS £0 4 0
50 „ „ , 0 14 0
100 „ „ „ 15 0
500 „ „ „ 5 5 0
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
YEWS (Golden and Seedling Variegated).— Now is the time to see these lovely Trees in their glorious splendour of colour. Nothing can exceed their mag- nificent beauty, and no place, however small, should be with- out them. Purchasers are invited to inspect our unrivalled stock. Come and select your plants for removal next autumn ; also all kinds of Ornamental Tree* in every shade and tint. ROSES and CLEMATIS in pots in large quantities.
H. LANE and SON, Nurseries, Great Berkhamstead.
FUCHSIAS, TUBEROUS BEGONIAS. — 10,000 FUCHSIAS, just the cream of all the Fuchsia family in flower, habit, and freedom ; 12 lovely sorts, 3s. Gd. ; 25 sorts, 6s. Gd. ; 50 sorts, 12s. Gd.
TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.— We have so improved the quality of our seedlings that we discarded last season all the named singles, the seedlings being much finer; 12, all different shades, large flowers, dwarf habit, 4s. ; 12 finer, 6s. ; 12 lovely double varieties — all these are named sorts, 21s.
New CATA LOGUE of these and all other plants for 3 stamps.
WM, CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
EAST LOTHIAN"lNTERMEDlATE STOCKS
THOMAS METHVEN and SONS offer their choice strain of the above, in five varieties, viz , Scarlet, Purple, White, Crimson, and White Wall-leaved, at Is., 2s. Gd., and os. each colour. Price to the Trade ou application.
By Royal Warrant, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen, Edinburgh.
NEW CATALOGUE for 1889.— Near 130 large pages, with prices, descriptions, useful cultural and other hints, of near 7000 of the best species and varieties of plants for the Stove, the Greenhouse, or the Flower Garden, also list of all necessary Sundries; in short, everything wanted for a garden, free for 3 stamps.
SEED CATALOGUE of the finest new and the most reliable old varieties of Vegetables or Flowers, free for 1 stamp.
WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
1 /» VARIETIES of STRAWBERRIES, which
J-V/ R. Gilbert considers the cream. They include all the modern varieties, but the good old Standards are not forgotten. In pots for forcing, and ordinary hand layers.
Send for R. G.'s STRAWBERRY LIST, where all are described and priced, with Hints upon Culture. Warranted true to name.
R. GILBERT. High Park, Stamford.
STOVE PLANTS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, such as ALLAMANDAS, STEPHANOTIS, BOUGAIN- VILLEAS, CLERODENDRONS, and other fine CLIMBERS.
CROTONS, DRACAENAS, and other fine foliage varieties; IXORAS, HIBISCUS, POINSETTIAS, and other flowering bush-habited plants, in finest varieties, clean, .healthy, all named ; 12 distinct kinds, 12s., 18s., 30s. per dozen.
Attention is specially asked to the very fine and rare OCHNA MULTIFLORA, OXERA PULCHELLA. SCHU- BERTIA GRANDIFLORA. For Prices and Descriptions see new CATALOGUE.
GREENHOUSE PLANTS, equally well selected, good and healthy ; 12 sorts, 9s., 12s., 18s., half at half-price. New CATALOGUE of these and all you want for a garden free for 3 stamps.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
LAING'S BEGONIAS
A GREAT SPECIALTY. NOW IN FULL BLOOM.
Unequalled as a floral display. Visitors are i cordially invited ; free admission. Frequent j trains from the City and West End to Catford ' Bridge and Forest Hill Railway Stations.
New and General PLAN r CATALOGUE Post-free.
JOHN LAING & SONS,
The Nurseries,
FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E.
CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS,
For Present and Later Sowing.
All saved from the most refined and beautiful Strains in existence.
Dicksons' Superb Strains of PRIM- ULA, CINERARIA, CALCEOLARIA, i from Is. 6d. to 5s. per packet.
Choree WALLFLOWERS, EAST LOTHIAN!
STOCKS. FORGET-ME NOTS, PANSIES, POLYAN- THUS, PRIMROSES, &c, for Spring Gardening.
DICKSONS,
THE ROYAL SEED, - ESTABLISHMENT, CHESTER.
ORCHIDS!
Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla i (Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah), &c, to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of order with remittance. Address,
THE ORCHID NURSERY,
UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE. Special care given In packing.
NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND.
ORCHIDS AND PALMS
The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not
easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent.
Inspection Invited.
The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet.
HUGH low & CO.,
CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E.'
CALADIUMS, GLOXINIAS. — Lovely
CALADIUMS of the finest sorts, splendid varieties,' handsome foliage, clean, easily grown ; 12 sorts, Gs., 9s. , 12s.
Gorgeous GLOXINIAS, rich colours, pretty foliage, lovelj Bowers; 12 for 6s. .-9s., 12s. New CATALOGUE of these anc all other plants, 130 large pages, free for 3 stamps.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 1( and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
July 6, 1889.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
A WELL-STOCKED GREENHOUSE.—
t\. ABUTILONS, all the best and newest; 12 fine sorts.
!>. M.
BEGONIAS (evergreen class), fine for summer or winter ; i fine sorts, Is. 9d.
HELIOTROPES (Cherry Pie), fragrant and free bloomers, lest new and old sorts ; 12 for 2s. 6d.
LANTANAS, fine for greenhouse decoration, pretty and ree; 12 sorts, 2s. Gd.
SALVIAS, distinct and pretty ; 6 fine sorts. Is. 6d. Half lumber at same rates. New CATALOGUE of these and iverything else you want for Greenhouses or Gardens, free for t stamps.
W 11. CLIBRAN AST) SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 md 12. Market Street, Manchester.
OA (\CH\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the
■D\S^\J\J\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some >£ the flowers of which become 10 inches across, nnd are of ?very shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for :limbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong slants; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^-inch pots, 2s Qd. sach ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent 'or bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. Qd. each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester.
C^ E M S " — " G E M S " — " G E M S " of Choice Stove Plants.
OXERA PULCHELLA — dense clusters, 8 to 10 inches icross, of pure white, funnel-shaped flowers, about 2 inches ong and 1 inch across. Flowers in winter very lasting, graceful and beautiful. 5s.
SCKUBERTIA GRANDFFLORA— flowers white with de- lightful, almond-like fragrance, produced in large trusses, similar to Stephanotis. Excellent for cutting. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd.
STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA— the finest variety in cul- bivation, and freest bloomer, flowering at every joint, and alooms in a lower temperature than any other variety we know. Is., Is. Qd., 2s. Qd., 3s. Qd.t 5s. ; and fine specimens, 21s., 31s. Qd., and 40s. each.
STIGMAPHYLLUM CELIATUM (Golden Vine) — flowers rich orange, similar to the lovely Orchid Oncidmm flexuosum. Very distinct. 2s. Qd. each.
TOXJCOPHLJEA SPECTABILIS (Winter Sweet) — large dense sprays of white flowers, sweetly perfumed. Beautiful winter- flowering plant. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd. each.
GLONERA JASMINIFLORA— one of the most beautiful white-flowering plants foreithercuttingor decoration. Blooms in the winter or early spring, and worthy of a place in the most select collection. 2s. Qd. and 3s. Qd.
CATALOGUES of these, and all you want for a Garden free, by post from
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist, Prospect House, Belper, Derbyshire, begs to offer the following, of which he has made a specialty for the last 25 years : —
PRIMULAS— PRIMULAS.— Grand premier prize and Covent Garden strains of the finest new colours, as pure white, car- mine, rose-salmon, crimson, spotted, purple, &c. Fine large trusses, and beautifully fringed flowers. Strong Plants to bloom well. Is. Qd. per «ioz. ; 4 do/., 5s.; 100,9s.; very extra strong, 2s. per doz. ; 4 doz., 7s. ; 8 doz., 12s. All carriage free.
CINERARIAS.- Finest prize strains and latest new colours. Same price as Primulas. All carriage free.
CYCLAMENS — CYCLAMENS (GIGANTEUM). — Same grand strain that I have sent out for the last 25 years, but with all the latest improvements in colour, size, form, and habit. Five-year-old Plants for potting on, 2s. per doz ; 4 do/., Is. ; 100, 12s. All carriage free.
S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, Belper.
FERNS— FERNS— SUCCULENT PLANTS. — Twelve lovely Greenhouse FERNS, good growers, fine habit for rooms or Greenhouses, 6s. or 9s. ; small Ferns for planting in Rockeries, &c, indoors, for fancy pots for table, 4s. per dozen; 12 distinct Stove Ferns, the best sorts for general collection. 9s. and 12s.
SUCCULENT PLANTS.— Handsome, singular, fine for pot plants in carpet beds or for contrast with other Greenhouse Plants, 12 varieties, all named, 6s., 9s., 12s., 18s CATA- LOGUE of sorts of these and all other plants free for 3stamps.
WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester.
BARK'S CATALOGUES
Free on application. List of Autumn-flowering Crocus and Meadow Saffron. Daffodil Catalogue, Illustrated, contains the only complete list of these beautiful hardy spring flowers.
Bulb Catalogue of cheap, rare, beautiful hardy bulbs, &c, for all seasons.
Plant Catalogue of hardy, free-flowering, beautiful perennials for flower borders, and as cut flowers.
Seed CATALOGUE, ready 1st January, 1890. BARR AND SON. IS, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
CHOICE SUCCULENTS,
FOR CARPET BEDDING. ECHEVERIA METALLTCA, ECHEVERIA AGAVOIDES. 9s.
per dozen. ECHEVERIA CUSPIDATA, is. per dozen. PACHYPHYTUM BRACTEOSUM. 5s. per dozen. SEMPERVIVUM TABTJL^EFORME, 6s. per dozen. KLEINIA REPENS, 3s. per dozen. ALTERNANTHERAS, of sorts, in pots, good plants, 2s. 6d.
per liozer:, 15s. per 100. IRESINES. in pots, 2s. fid. per dozen, 15s. per 100. CENTAUREA CANDIDISSIHA, 3s. per dozen, 20s. per 100. PETUNIAS, single, in pots', 2s. per dozen, 12s. per 100. AGERATUMS. in pots, 2s. per dozen. 12s. per 100.
CATALOGUE of these and other varieties, and all you want for a garden, free by post, from WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; - 10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester.
V
The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE.
The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on
Grapes and their Culture ever published.
New Edition.
Price 6s.. post-free 5s. Qd.
A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society, Chiewick.
ORCHID EXHIBITION.
One of the most beautiful sights in London.
ORCHIDS-— The Orchid Exhibition at Mr.
^•* William Bull's Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W., now open, 10 to 6 o'clock. Admission, 2s. Qd.
ORCHIDS
^■^ ralleled in Eui
-A vision of loveliness unpa-
^, ralleled in Europe.
/ORCHIDS.— "A scene of the greatest Orchidic ^■^ beauty, baffling description, and defying exaggeration."
O
FCHIDS-— The Exhibition is worth going any distance to see at Mr. William Bull's Establish- ment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.
NEW PLANTS for1889
MR. WILLIAM BULL'S NEW CATALOGUE FOR 1889,
Now Ready, Price Is.
Containing Names, Descriptions, and Prices of many beautiful New Plants offered for the first time.
WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S.,
Establishment for New and Rare Plants,
536, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W.
By Permission of the Hon. Board of Customs.
DUTY FREE.
TOBACCO PREPARATIONS
FOR HORTICULTURAL USE.
NICOTINE SOAP.
An Effectual and Speedy Eradicator of
Scale, Thrips, Greenfly, Mealy Bug, Red Spider,
American Blight, and all Parasites affecting
Plants, without injury to Foliage.
The basis of this preparation is Nicotine, or the Oil of Tobacco, with which is blended other essential ingredients, to render it available as a general Insecticide that may be used as a Wash or Dip for out or indoor plants. It is well known that Tobacco, in various forms, is the best remedy for Cleansing Plants of Parasites, but owing to the high Duty of 3s. Qd. per lb. it has been too expensive for general use.
Sold in Jars, 8 oz., Is. Qd. ; 20 oz„ 35. ; 40 oz., 5*. Qd. ; and in Tins, 14 1b., lbs. Qd. ; and Drums, 28 lb., 25s. ; 561b., 50s.; 112 lb., 95s. Full directions for use upon each package.
TOBACCO POWDER. — This Preparation con- sists of best Virginian Tobacco, finely ground, and mixed with other ingredients of an essential character. Price, in Tint, 1 lb.. Is. ; 3 lb., 2s. Qd. ; and 5 lb.t 4s. ; or in Bulk, £3 12s. per cwt.
TOBACCO JTJICE (Free of Duty).— Manu- factured from strong American Leaf Tobacco, and highly Concentrated. Sold in Bottles, Is. pints. Is. Qd. quarts, 2s. Qd. half-galls., and 4s. galls. Or in Casks of 10 galls, upwards, at 2s. Qd. per gall.
SOLE MANUFACTURERS.
C0RRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd.,
Offices & Show Rooms : 16, FINSBURY ST., E.C.
Manufactory and Bonded Tobacco Stores :
SHAD THAMES, S.E., LONDON. Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists.
New Edition,
THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR
of
GARDEN OPERATIONS.
Price 3d., Post-free 3§d.
W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand,
London, W.C.
Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d.
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. V., Third Series, JAN. to JUNE, 1889. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington street. Strand. W.C.
THE
SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1889.
"THE NINE WELLS."
OUCH is the name of Professor M. Foster's ^ residence, situated some 3 miles south of Cambridge, and about a mile from Shelford Station (G.E.R.). It is built on the brow of a hill, and commands a view of the plain of Cam- bridge and adjoining country. Dr. Foster is best known in Cambridge University as Professor of Physiology, and in the horticultural world he is well known as a collector and cultivator of the Iridese. The gardens surround the house, and slope from it in almost every possible direction. There are perhaps few who would have cared to attempt the formation of a garden under such circumstances as exist at The Nine Wells, where the depth of the soil ranges from 3 inches, and in 6ome favoured parts it boasts of a 1 foot. " So you see," says the Professor, " I have a fair start and every advantage." This soil lies on a bed of chalk, so that beds have had to be made, and for this pur- pose the parings and scrapings of roads have been collected and brought into use, until, at last, he has clothed the hill with rare and beautiful flowers.
So well acquainted is he with the Iris family as regards their history, cultivation, &c, that he scarcely refers to a label for a name, unless the plants are out of flower. At the time of my visit (June 22), many of the best specimens were out of flower, and undergoing their roasting, or ripening off process, by lights placed above them, so as to ensure a current of air passing beneath them ; but they are so constructed that the sides of these can be fixed on, so as to form a complete small box-light. To this process Professor Foster attributes no small share of his success in growing and flowering many of the more diffi- cult kinds of Irises.
Though my visit was a little late, I was pleased to see many good things in flower. The Iris genus does not all flower during one or two months, but, as Professor Foster says, " I com- mence in January, and have Irises in flower nearly the whole year through."
Firs, Elms, Oaks, and other trees have been
8
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 6, 1889.
planted in the most exposed parts of the garden ; these are growing up, so that in time the gar- dens will be more sheltered and protected than they are at present. Professor Foster is no advocate for planting Irises in the grass, as the grass prevents their ripening ; and in wet seasons this is particularly obvious by the loss of many plants. The wet summer of last year was a very trying one for the Iris.
Some large clumps of Iris ochroleuca gigantea were magnificent. This is said to be a sport of I. spuria, requiring a stiff soil to grow in. I. Barnumie, a lovely yellow, is said to be one of the most fragrant of Irises. A new species was in flower, which is said to be in the way of I. Cashmeriana ; it is sweetly scented, and comes from Central Asia Minor. The plant, when fully grown, is about 1 foot high, with flowers nearly white. It is a handsome plant, and will be named and figured by Professor Poster at a later date. The finest of all Irises is, he says, one that had finished flowering at the time of my visit — I. Gatesi, said to even surpass I. Susiana, and belongs to the section Onocyalus. Iris spuria, with many collected wild forms of that species, were just coming into full beauty. I. xiphioides and I. juncea, with its pale yellow flowers, and many other striking Irises were in flower. Seeds of some species of Iris take longer to ger- minate than others, and pots in which they are sown should not be discarded as failures until after being kept four or five years. A pot of I. Duthii, sown in 1834, was pointed out to me, the seedlings of which were just coming up. The Iris fungus (Uredo iridis), I was glad to learn, confines itself to certain species, and it is moreover not very much distributed. When the fungus attacks the leaves of Irises it is very dis- figuring to them, and is doubtless injurious to growth. The garden contains many beautiful things besides Irises, consisting of uncommon herbaceous plants well chosen for the situation, the names of a few of which I jotted down at the time. Eremurus Bungei, a beautiful species, from 2 to 3 feet high, with yellow flowers, was in bloom ; E. robustus, with old flower-stalks from 7 to 8 feet in height must have b?en very handsome. C'odonopsis clematidea, a campanulaeeous plant, with white flowers tinged with blue, growing from 2 to 3 feet high, is a charming border plant. Calochortus splendens, of a clear lilac colour, was, as its specific name indicates, really very fine ; the flowers last a long time. Allium narcissiflorum, A. Rosembach- ianum, and A. Bessarum, are all beautiful plants. This genus should be more commonly found in gardens than it is, if we consider how many beautiful species there are in it. Delphinium grandiplenum, from 2 to 3 feet high, with double flowers, is a very handsome variety. On a rockwork near the front door were many showy Dianthuses, and other plants suitable for the situation.
That gardeners are greatly indebted to the Professor for what he has done amongst the genus Iris as a collector and cultivator will be acknowledged by every one, and I cannot close my notes without thanking him for the kind manner in which he showed me the various points of interest at the time of my visit to his garden. W. H.
Florists' Flowers.
Agricultural Education in North Wales.
— Nature states that it has recently been decided by the Council of the University College of North Wales to open an agricultural department at the college, and to appoint a lecturer on agriculture. A proposal for the formation of dairy schools in con- nection with the same institution has lften favouarbly received.
THE CHINESE PPJMULA.
When these plants are in flower we are apt to think a good deal of them, but those who grow them know that no good specimens will be obtained unless they are carefully watched and tended at the present season. The parching weather is very trying to them, and a few hours' neglect of watering, shading, or ventilating, may mar the prospects of a whole season. Those who keep up a succession of flowering plants from October to April have to deal with them in various stages of their growth, at midsummer and onwards. There are first the old plants of last season, which grow into handsome specimens for flowering in the late autumn and winter. For this purpose the best are the latest plants of last year, which may have been flowered in 5-inch pots in the spring. These plants may be repotted into 7-inch pots during the summer, and stood in a frame with its back towards the south, so as to avoid the sun's direct rays, and even with the frames in this position, the plants may require shading with tiffany during the warmest part of the day. The pots should be well drained, and the potting soil of light materials, viz., one-third part good fibrous loam, one part leaf- mould, one part decayed manure, and some powdered charcoal and coarse white sand. It is well to re- member these last two ingredients, as the old plants are liable to damp off at the collar unless the water can pass away freely. Large plants of the double-flowered varieties may be treated in the same manner.
With young seedling Primulas, or those struck from cuttings, (these latter including the double varieties, which are sterile, and of which cuttings are struck in the summer month), some growers are apt to blunder in their methods of procedure, and verify one of Pope's lines —
" A little learning is a dangerous thing."
The cuttings may be taken off by two cultivators, planted in the same way, and placed under hand- glasses, in expectation of their forming roots, with the result that one lot will fail and the other succeed. This is chiefly due to the operator losing sight of the fact that Chinese Primulas are very liable to damp-off unless certain conditions are observed. In order to ensure success, a piece of the more woody stem should be attached to each cutting, and before taking the cuttiugs the plants should be allowed to become rather dry at the root, and the cuttings should lay exposed to the air in the shade for half- an-hour or an hour after they are prepared, so that the cut end may be dried up somewhat. Insert the cuttings singly in thumb-pots, employing soil in a moderately moist state. The object in having the soil moist is to keep the cuttings fresh, as no water ought to be applied to them until some roots or rudimentary portions of roots are formed. They must be placed in a close hand-glass in a shady place, and the cover should be taken off daily and the condensed moisture wiped from the glass. If the cuttings should in a few days become loosened, they may be made firm by pressing the sand round them. As a rule, the roots soon form, and when it is seen that this has taken place, air must be admitted gradually to the handlight, and in a week or two they may be placed in a cold frame, and be repotted in a short time into the compost recom- mended for the old plants. A safer way to obtain young plants from old stools is to take a plant with several crowns. Let it become rather dry at the roots, clear off a portion of the old leaves, and when the wounded parts have healed, place some sandy soil such as is used for cuttings around the stems, when roots will quickly form, and the plants can be detached and potted.
Seeds may be sown during the months of April, May, June, and July, and it may be observed that those sown the latest require the least attention. The plants raised before the warm weather sets in, are apt to suffer if hot carefully watched, pricking them off, and putting them as soon as thl'se opera-
tions are required. Indeed the whole secret of success consists in growing on these plants from the first without any check to their growth. The single and semi-double flowered varieties are raised from seeds ; and one year old plants need not be grown in pots larger than 48's, and throughout the summer and autumu the plants may stand in frames with the lights entirely removed during fine weather, but if there he too much sun shining directly upon them, a little light shade is needful. J . Douglas.
New or Noteworthy Plants.
CVPRIPEDIUM DE WITT. SMITH, n. hyb.
This is a new hybrid, raised in the establishment of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, from C. Spicerianum as the seed parent and C. Lowii. It was exhibied by them at the show of the Royal Botanic Society on June 19 last, when it was awarded a Botani- cal Certificate. The leaves are wholly green, narrow, and much resembling those of C- Lowii, while the scape, some ID inches high, bears two flowers which are tolerably intermediate between those of the two parents. The upper sepal is orbicular ovate, the margins a little reflexed near thebase, and conduplicate near the subacute apex ; colour, centre and base pale green, spotted and veined with purple-brow"n, the broad margin cream-white, with a few traces of light purple, while a narrow purple-brown band extends from base to apex. Lower sepal elliptical ovate, pale green. Petals 2j inches long, a little narrowed below, and the upper margin undulate, bright green on lower half, with numerous purple-brown spots, passing into light rosy-purple above. Lip dark olive-green in front, lighter behind. Staminode obcordate, light purple, with a few green markings in the centre, margin not undulate. The vegetative organs show a considerable approach to those of C. Lowii, while the elongation of the petals and the shape of the staminode are also derived from the same source. The shape and colour of the upper sepal, with its median purple band, the undulate upper margin of the petals, the numerous small spots, and the colour of the staminode, show an approximation to C. Spicerianum. Altogether it is a bright and attractive little plaut, and bears the name, by request of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of De Witt S. Smith, Esq., of Lee, Mass., U.S.A., who is an ardent admirer of Orchids generally, and espe- cially of the genus Cypripedium. S. A. Iiolfe.
Odontoglossum WendlandiandmX, hyb. nut.
This is a beautiful, but very puzzling plant, intro- duced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, from the Popayan ranges, New Granada. It appeared with O. crispum Lehmanni, and is believed to be a natural hybrid derived from it, with some other species which grows there — possibly 0. cirrhosum, though the column-wings and crest show little affinity with our present plant. O. Hallii also grows there, but I do not think it can have been one of the parents. A pseudobulb with leaves, and a branch of the panicle, have been sent to Kew. The former differs but little from O. crispum, while the flowers approach 0. cirrhosum more nearly in shape. The segments are narrow, less attenuate upwards, and beautifully crispo-undulate on the mirgins, cream- white in colour, with numerous cinnamon-brown blotches on the lower half, those of the petals in- clining a little towards purple. Lip ovate-triangular, with broad base aud narrow acuminate point, cream- white, with cinnamon-brown spots, one in front of the disc being much larger than the others ; margin fimbriate, crest consisting of several radiating teeth ; column-wings 6mall, and nearly evenly fimbriate. A flower from a second plant has the ground colour in- clining towards light yellow, the spots more purple- brown, and generally smaller, base of lip light yellow, and margins more reflexed. It is a chaste and elegant little plant, and is named after Jlerr Wend- land, who was much struck with its appearance when he saw it the other day. if. A. Edlfe.
Joly 6, 1889.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
LIQUID MANURE FOR THE
GARDEN.
As liquid manure may truthfully be termed the greatest boon to horticulture, the saving and appli- cation of this auxiliary should be worthy the atten- tion of all practical gardeners, as there are few subjects more important to efficient and profitable culture than its economical distribution.
Many years ago Boussingault proved that, weight for weight, the urine of the horse, in its natural state, contained three times as much nitrogen as the solid excrements ; and the urine of the cow twice as much nitrogen as the solid manure. Yet we frequently find great care is taken to preserve the solid excre- tions of animals, while the liquid portion is allowed to run to waste.
Liquid manure may be produced in a variety of ways. It may consist of the fermented urine of horses, cows, sheep, or pigs, or a mixture of them all with the washings of the stable-floors and sewerage ; or it may be produced by converting the solid and liquid excrements of our domestic animals into a muddy liquid ; and in this process of liquifying the solid excrements and preparing them for plant-food, much or little water may be used. These and several other circumstances, such as the nature of the food upon which the animals have been fed, must of course affect the composition of liquid manure, and with its strength, the fertilising value.
Although water is not the actual food of plants, yet it certainly contributes very largely to their support ; and as it was aptly remarked by Davy in his work on Rural Economy, " no manure can be taken up by the roots of plants unless water is present ; and water or its elements exist in all the products of vegeta- tion." Further, it has been shown by Professor Johnston, in numerous experiments, that the quantity of nourishment or solid matter absorbed by the roots of plants is always in proportion to the impurity of the water with which they are supplied ; thus, Beans were made to vegetate under three different circumstances : — The first were grown in distilled water ; the second were placed in sand, and watered with rain-water ; the third were sown in garden mould. The plants thus produced, when accurately analysed, were found to yield the follow- ing proportions of ashes : —
1. Those fed by distilled water
2. Those fed by rain-water ...
3. Those grown in garden mould
39
7-5 12-0
Professor W. O. Attwater, of the Connecticut Agricultural Station, U.S., has also investigated the subject by sowing an equal number of seeds of Buckwheat and Oats in boxes filled with pure sand, and watering them either with rain-water or with various liquid manures chemically prepared. The following table gives the result of four of those expe- riments : Nos. 1 and 2 were watered with rain- water ; whilst Nos. 3 and -1 received a liquid manure containing known quantities of potash, phosphoric acid, and nitrogen. When the plants were ripe, they were harvested, the roots being freed from sand by careful washing, and the dissected parts air-dried and weighed.
|
Supplied with |
||||
|
Dissected Parts of the Plants. |
Rain- water. |
Liquid Manure. |
||
|
Buck- Wheat. |
Oats. |
Buck- Wheat. |
Oats. |
|
|
Weight of stem and leaf Weight of seeds Weight of roots ... |
4-9 1-3 4-6 |
1-8 0-3 2 3 |
25-4 20-4 5-4 |
31-5 4-2 17-3 |
|
Total weight of plants |
10-7 |
41 |
Bi -a |
56 '0 |
It will be admitted by every horticulturist that, under. the name of liquid manure, fertilisers of widely different characters are applied to plants, and that probably the differences in thp observed effects of liquid manure may be due, at least to gome extent, tt> its variable cotoptigltidn.
We propose to discuss the composition and ferti- lising value of different descriptions of liquid manure, and to show how far differences in compo- sition influence the effects capable of being produced in the garden ; also to examine the circumstances in which liquid manure may be employed with decided advantage, and to attempt an explanation of the causes of success ; and lastly, to discuss the charac- ters of soil upon which liquid manure produces no beneficial etfect, and state the reasons of failure.
The intrinsic value of all manurial substances is mainly dependent upon the amount of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, which they contain. Some idea, therefore, of the relative merits of various liquid manures, may be. formed, by a comparison of six samples taken and analysed by the late Dr. A. Voelcker from the manure- tanks of five different farms, and comparing the proportion of fertilising ingredients which each contained.
The following is the description of the samples selected : —
1. Drainings from horse stables.
2. Drainings from cattle-sheds and yards.
3. Drainings from stables, a manure-pit containing animal refuse, and dwelling-house sewerage.
4. Drainings from cattle-sheds and yards.
5. Animal excrements and rain-water: — (a.) The clear liquid ; (b.) The muddy liquid.
Table showing the Proportion of various Chemical Constituents containing in. one gallon of each, six samples of Liquid Manure. Quantities ingrains.
|
. |
Total dry Organic Matter. |
Mineral Matter (ash). |
Nitro- gen. |
Phos- phoric Acid. |
Potash. |
|
1 2 3 4 5W 6(«) |
418-3 601-1 1211 111-9 29-2 95-8 |
262-8 361-9 739 913 215 45 6 |
94-0 18-4 21-9 30-3 3-3 4-5 |
2-70 951 2 30 483 2-36 3-72 |
175-2 189-6 21-1 13-7 24 2-3 |
|
Mean |
229-6 |
142-8 j 28-8 |
3-90 |
67-4 |
Even a superficial reader will be struck with the great variations which are exhibited in the foregoing results, of the relative amount of the more important fertilising substances contained in a gallon of liquid manure. It is evident that the practical effects capable of being produced in the garden must also vary according to the nature and amount of the constituents in each. And as the composition of different samples is found to differ so widely, we cannot feel surprised to hear that in one instance liquid manure has done marvels, while in others little or no benefit has accrued from its use.
Many persons, deceived by the bad smell and dark colour of liquid manure, entertain very extravagant notions respecting the amount and intrinsic value of the fertilising matters which it contains. It is well, therefore, to remember that 50,000 gallons of liquid manure of the mean composition of the six samples analysed by Dr. Voelcker will not contain more plant food than 2 cwt. of good Peruvian guano.
We must leave to a future occasion the considera- tion of the application of liquid manure, and the character of the soils upon which it may, or may not, be applied with advantage, John J. Willis, Hai - penden.
Fruit Register.
LAXTON'S NOBLE STRAWBERRY.
I send you a few fruits of this fine new Straw- berry from out-of-doors, as grown in Mr. Bubb's nurseries, at Solihull, near Birmingham. This and Laxton's other new varieties, King of the Earlies and Jubilee, were purchased when first sent out, and Noble was so promising last summer that Mr. Bubb saved every runner and planted a large breadth of this variety, Close by are plantations of President, James Veitch, Garibaldi, and Vicomtesse Hencart de Ti»ury, G/ofibaldi hitherto having bees relied
upon for the first crop. The old plants of Noble are loaded with fruit, and the yearling plants have a large crop, many of them 2 lb. each, and it is a week earlier than King of the Earlies or Garibaldi. It is a very fine early variety, in fact, in my opinion, the best early, as it produces fruit of uniform size, good in colour, flesh solid and pinkish throughout, agreeable flavour, is a good traveller, and very prolific. Jubilee will prove to be a valuable late Strawberry. King of the Earlies is not so early by a week as Noble in this locality, and the King and Garibaldi ripen at the same time. At least, that is the experience at Solihull. A Strawberry Grower, [The twelve fruits sent weigh 14 oz.]
The Wellington Apple.
The only English Apple, says the President of the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association, that struck him on a visit to this country, was the Wellington. That impressed him as much as the Canadian Apples themselves. Mr. Allan, he tells us, endea- voured to procure some grafts. These were promised him on condition that they should not be sent to Canada. The President asked, " Why ? " and re- ceived the answer, " Well, it is the only Apple we can make anything out of here now, and if those Canadians get any, we are done." No grafts could be obtained on that occasion, but some were obtained elsewhere. Why did the President not apply to the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick? There is no fear of being done in that way.
THE MANCHESTER BOTANICAL GARDENS.
These gardens were seen to the best advantage on the occasion of the great Whitsun show, for though a few days previously Manchester had been visited by a very heavy hailstorm, which had left its mark upon vegetation and destroyed the beauty of many flowers, it had yet freshened up tree, shrub, and grass-plat, and under the almost tropical heat of the opening day the gardens were delightful to the eye — so cool, refreshing, and inviting. Since last year avenues of trees have been planted to the broad walks : the broad, central walk is now an avenue of Thorns ; there is one of Limes, and another of Chestnuts, and another of Lime and Beech. These avenues when they grow into size will furnish shady promenades of a pleasant character.
The flowering-house was exceedingly gay witli a number of very fine specimens of Schizanthus pin- natus. It would be difficult to imagine better grown and bloomed examples and finer varieties of this old-fashioned, Chilian, half-hardy annual than could be seen here. They were growing in large pots, were 4 to 5 feet in height, and from 2 to 3 feet in diameter. As a matter of course, such specimens can be grown only Irom seeds sown iu the autumn. Mr. Paul, Mr. Pindlay's able lieutenant, informed me that the seeds were sown the first week in September, and in about six weeks the plants are larje enough to prick off into 6 or 7-inch pots. Here they remain all the winter, and are kept almost stationary until February, then they are shifted into pots somewhat larger, and in a few weeks when the roots reach the sides of the pots, and before the plants become pot-bound, they are shifted into 10-inch pots, and in these they flower. The effectiveness of the specimens is increased by keeping the plants tied up to stakes, or else the branches fall abroad. I find it is the practice at Old Trafford to put from one to three plants into a pot to bloom, accord- ing to their size. Other flowering plants included some fine specimens of Gladiolus Colvillei alba, Calceolarias, Sparaxis, and Phyllocactus splendida, large and brilliant in colour.
In one of the stove houses, the maple-leaved Pterospermum acerifolium is seen represented by a fine specimen ; it is grown for its handsome foliage rather than for its white flowers, and it requires plenty of heat.
A large circular tank has been constructed in the spaci'isus Palm-house, and U pUuU'd with. Nyiuplncas,
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[Jolt 6, 1889.
such as dentata, white ; Devoniensis, deep rosy- crimson ; Eugenia, and others. In the Palm-house are some very fine specimens, which are a source of great interest to visitors. On the inside of the roof a planted-out specimen of Cleroden- dron Balfourianum is seen blooming with great freedom, and forming dense wreaths of blossom. There is in the Camellia-house a very fine specimen of the Aralia-like Oreopanax dactylifolium, which made a vigorous growth of nearly 5 feet last year ; it is planted out in a side border. Metrosideros speciosa has bloomed with remarkable freedom. A lofty specimen of the Swan River Acacia grandis blooms so freely in spring as to resemble a fountain of gold overflowing its pendent branches. There is here also a very fine and tall specimen of Acacia grandis. The Guava trained overhead is seen to be fruiting as freely as a Plum ; it is planted out. There are two species here — one is Psidium pomi- ferum, with yellow fruit ; the other P. Cattley- anum, with dark purple fruit. The latter appears to be the best for general culture.
In the Orchid-house could be seen some fine pieces of Cattleya Mossia?, C. Mendelii, and C. lobata, all of good quality. In the small annexe leading to the Orchid-house, could be seen an admirable strain of Gloxinias.
The fernery always repays a visit. It is now be- coming densely furnished with vigorous foliage ; and the carrying out of a few details of re-arrangement has added greatly to its general effectiveness. Too much cannot be said in praise of Mr. Clapham's admirable work here, and also in the open. The piece of rockwork in the garden near the exhibition- house is becoming covered with foliage, and it is a feature in the gardens that appears to be highly appreciated by the Fellows of the Society and visitors generally. B. D.
The petals are roundish, about the same length as the sepals, clear yellow, with a purple spot at the base, which is a peculiarity this Rose enjoys all to itself. The numerous stamens have also each a reddish- purple spot at the base, thus forming collectively a continuous coloured ring. The styles are free, pro- truding from the orifice of the flower-tube, densely shaggy, dilated upwards into a flat, kidney-shaped stigma, at the base of which is a narrow band rim of purplish colour, collectively forming a coloured circle within the similar band belonging to the stamens. The ovaries themselves are glabrous. Such are some of the prominent characteristics as observed in the living plant.
It would occupy too much space to go into further detail, which would, moreover, be more suitable for a purely botanical periodical ; suffice it here to say,
EOSA BERBERIDIFOLIA.
(Figs. 1 and 2).
This curious Rose has been variously denominated but the earliest name is that applied by Pallas, when he presented his paper on the plants of Sievers to the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Peters- burgh in 1795. That paper was published in the Nova Acta of that learned body in 1797.
The plant had, indeed, been noted previously by A. L. de Jussieu in 1789, but he applied no name to it. Since that time it has been the object of numerous memoirs and discussions, and such is the singularity of its structure that some botanists have placed it in different genera even. Our own observations, made on specimens kindly placed at our disposal by the authorities of the Royal Gardens, Kew, and by the Rev. H. Ewbank, lead us to concur in opinion with those who consider the plant to be a true, though somewhat eccentric, Rose. It is a native of the desert regions of Persia, Chinese Tartary, Soongaria, and Afghanis- tan, and has been cultivated at various times in this country, although few, if any, growers have been able to keep it for more than a few years. It is a straggling shrub of moderate proportions, with long, slender, wiry, puberulous branches, more or less thickly and irregularly beset with small whitish curved prickles, some of which are, in botanical phrase, "decurrent" at the base, and form white lines on the branch, first on one side then on the other. Of course, there is no decurrence really, the appear- ance is really due to the opposite cause, " upraising.' It sometimes happens that a pair of these prickles' occupy a position at the base of the petiole corre- sponding to that of the stipules of an ordinary leaf, but there is no regularity in this matter, and struc- tural reasons forbid us from considering them as true stipules. The leaves are more or less glaucous, and consist of one leaflet only, corresponding to the terminal leaflet of an ordinary Rose leaf. The flowers are solitary, about 1 inch in diameter, and have the flower-tube somewhat globular, densely covered with spreading prickles outside, and with a few strigose hairs inside. The sepals] are spreading, broad at the base, linear, simple or slightly lobed.
FIG. 1.— ROSA BERBEBIDIFOL1A.
that a careful examination of the anatomy and mode of development of the plant, suffices to solve some of the problems connected with it, and to dispose of the speculations of some botanists who had not in their time the requisite means or opportunity for study.
The conclusions at which we have arrived are (1), that the simple leaves represent the terminal leaflet of an ordinary Rose leaf (and not a fusion of two stipules) ; this is proved by a study of the de- velopment, and of the minute anatomy ; (2) that the stipules are undeveloped, though potentially present, as shown by the arrangement of the fibrous cords in the leaf-stalk ; (3) that the prickles are, as usual, epidermal developments, and not of a stipulary character ; (4) that the reasons founded on these vegetative characters do not suffice to disqualify the plant as a true Rose.
The peculiar distribution of colour not only at the base of the petals, but also at the base of the fila-
ments, and the top of the style, has not been pre- viously noted, and is very significant as to the method of fertilisation by insects.
Of more consequence to cultivators are the facts that they have not, hitherto, succeeded in enabling the plant to adapt itself to cultural conditions for any length of time. May Mr. Watson be more suc- cessful than his predecessors ! Mr. Ewbank tells us he has not been able to keep it for more than a year or two, and long ago Lindley wrote that it submits permanently neither to budding, nor grafting, nor laying, and does not strike from cuttings. " Drought," continues Lindley, " does not suit it, it does not thrive in wet, heat has no beneficial effect, cold no prejudical influence, care does not improve it, neglect does not injure it."
Bosa Hardii X . — This is supposed to be of hybrid origin, and to be the issue from Rosa clinophylla crossed with R. berberidifolia. It has the flower of the latter and the leaves of clinophylla. It was raised by M. Hardy, in 1836, and is, according to Gay, mentioned by MM. Cels freres, in Ann, de Flore et de Pomone, 1835-1836 (with a good coloured figure), and in the Bon Jardinier for 1812. M. T. M.
Nursery Notes,
THE KNAP HILL AZALEAS.
After seeing the group of beautiful new hardy Azaleas at the Temple Show, and hearing from Mr. Anthony Waterer that it represented only a few, and those not the best, of the many new seedling varieties he has lately raised, I made up my mind to go to the Knap Hill nurseries and see the Azaleas, old and new, in full bloom in the open air, where one can better judge of their merits than under canvas and in pots.
As every one knows, these famous Knap Hill tree nurseries are throughout May and June a scene of indescribable beauty, for there you may see every variety of tree and shrub that flowers at this season that is worth growing, but none that have the character of being tender. So strong is Mr. Waterer's antipathy to a tree or shrub that is liable to be winter - killed in his nursery, that you may seek in vain for things that may be safely planted in warm southern or sea-coast gardens. But as soon as he has confidence in the hardiness of novelties, he starts to grow them on a large scale. With the Azaleas even, which I went specially to see, there was for some time a doubt as to whether the lovely little Chinese Azalea mollis should be admitted into the category of thoroughly hardy shrubs ; but after its satisfactory behaviour for several years in the fully exposed parts of the nursery, there is now no doubt about it ; the only fault it has is that of being a little too precocious, which in some seasons tells against it when bud and leaf are damaged by treacherous late frosts. However, one can see that it is in demand, as it is grown by the acre, and as I saw them just in perfection, the glow of abundant bloom upon every bush was beau- tiful in the extreme, and on seeing such a bright field of colour one overlooks the monotony of flower tints in this Azalea, compared with the endless hues so striking in the North American kinds. Some think that this paucity of distinct and varied colour of A. mollis detracts from its value, but there is something very charming in the subtle tones of its bloom that range between the clear yellows and glowing flame tints, with which the bright greens of the new foliage blends so harmoniously. It is indeed remarkable that this Chinese shrub, intro- duced so many years ago has produced so few really distinct varieties, and has responded so feebly to the efforts of the hybridist, whereas the other hardy Azaleas have an opposite tendency. I saw but one hybrid from it at Knap Hill, which was raised be- tween A. mollis and the old A. altaclerensis or A. sinensis, as it is also called, although A. mollis is, strictly speaking, the true A. sinensis, but it may be some time before it supersedes the now well-estab-
July 6, 1889.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE
lished name. Even if nothing were done to extend the varieties of this charming Azalea, it will always be popular, since it flowers earlier than the rest, and is invaluable for forcing into bloom in early spring. It is with the group commonly known as Ghent Azaleas that Mr. Waterer has chiefly devoted his attention, and he has certainly made wonderful strides in the improvement of the race by hybridising and by careful selection. The chief point he has attained is the enlargement of the flower, and in his
the best effect in mass, and one form I noticed was a rich plum-purple, quite different from any I had seen. Mr. Waterer is very particular too about habit of growth, in short, he has set up for himself a high standard with which every new seedling must comply before it be considered worthy of a name. The consequence of this is, that out of the thousands of seedlings one sees, the selection of sorts worthy of names is not great, though a very large proportion of them are improvements upon old named sorts.
Fig. 2.— bosa ubbbebidii-olia. iloweus yellow, with a cuimson eve. (see p. 8.)
latest seedlings the blossom is twice and thrice as large as that of the old sorts, and with the size the form has been improved, for instead of being starry and tubular, and the flowers of the majority of old sorts, they are as open and flat as those of the best Rhododendrons. Those who know only the Azaleas of the old types will perhaps think that an extension of the great range of colour to be found in these would be impossible, but in the new varieties will be seen not only the purest whites and the most fiery scarlets and crimsons, but in many instances a com- bination of striking colours, such as scarlet and orange. I admired most the self tints, as they give
Another point in these new seedlings must not be overlooked, and that is their loudness at the time of flowering. The fault of most of the old sorts is, that their profusion of bloom is unaccompanied by foliage, but in the new the colour, relieved by foliage, is more pleasing. This desirable quality has been brought about by selection of the best habited seed- lings, and breeding only from those that carry foliage with flower, and this is more apparent in the seedlings that have been raised from the late flowering A, occidentalis, which has brighter green and denser foliage than others at the time of flowering, which is always after the other kinds are on the wane. In
fact a distinct race of late-flowering Azaleas is being developed in this nursery, the value of which cannot be over estimated.
The group of double-flowered varieties, of which the well-known yellow narcissiflora may be taken as the type, is still small, but the majority of them are very beautiful, and they possess the great advantage over the single-flowered sorts of lasting a much longer time in perfection. I saw a white sort which was as pure as a Gardenia, and almost as strongly perfumed. It will, do doubt, be taken in hand by florists, a3 each flower is just the size for coat bouquets. Altogether Mr. Waterer has good reason to be satisfied with the results of his work in improving Azaleas, and he still hopes to effect further improvements. True, he had ample and splendid material to work upon, and fortunately for him the group he has taken in hand responds readily to his efforts. We see these new seedlings now in a pigmy stage of growth, but what will they be when they have grown full size, specimens 10 feet high, with wide spreading tabulated branches, such as one sees the Azaleas raised fifty years ago in this and many other old gardens. They must obviously sup- plant the multitude of old sorts, the Hybrids belgicte and Hybridce altaclerenses of catalogues of bygone days which, splendid as they undoubtedly are, must give way to the coming race. It would be a useless task to try to unravel the parentage of hardy Azaleas. They are now so interbred that we cannot find the typical species. We know that they have come from the North American wild species, such as the bright scarlet A. calendulacea, A. nudiflora, and others which have given the richest and most delicate colours, while the yellows have been derived from the South European A. pontica, added to these are the more recent A. mollis of China and Japan, and the Californian A. occidentalis. The American botanists tell us that in a wild state some of their wild Azaleas or Swamp Honeysuckles sport with numberless varieties, and taking advantage of this tendency the earlier raisers were able to produce a multitude of sorts in a short time. What I should like to see tried is the intercrossing of the deciduous Azalea with the evergreen Rhododendron. Ifwe could combine persistent foliage (for winter effect) with the wonderful range of striking tints, what a glorious race of hardy shrubs we should have. If only the Azalea had the noble foliage of the Rhododendron, it would run it very hard for popularity. This, indeed, is not impossible, seeing that Azaleas and Rhododendrons belong really to one and the same genus ; and many- years ago a hybrid was raised between R. ponticum and one of the deciduous Azaleas. This hybrid was named R. azaleoides, and A. odoratum, and magni- ficent masses of it were to be seen recently at Kew in front of the Palm-house.
Azaleas always have been, and always will be, popular flowers, but I am tempted to quote the oft- repeated phrase, that " this class of plants is not planted nearly to the extent its merits deserve." The peaty soil they most delight in may be had so cheaply in these days, that there is no reason why every garden on the clay should not have its patch of Heath soil, where the so-called American plants can be grown to perfection. The deciduous Azaleas make capital town plants, as they throw off their dirty foliage in autumn ; and this year I have seen almost in the heart of London some beautiful displays of these flowers. W. Goldring, Kew.
Trees and Shrubs.
ITXUS LARICIO KARAMANA.
The history of this tree, with illustrations, was given in a former number, 18S4, Vol. xxi., p.p. 480 and 481. Since that notice was published, the tree at Kew has died, so that we were pleased recently to see another specimen at Syon, and we are indebted to Mr. Wythes for specimens of both male and female flowers. Although nearly related to Laiicio, and especially to the var. Pallasiana, it is so different
10
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[July 6, 1889.
in the bud and in the size of the cone which is much larger than in any other form of Laricio, that many would be disposed to consider it a distinct species, but there are too many intermediate forms to render this desirable on botanical grounds, how- ever much it may be so for forestal purposes. The same form, if we are not mistaken, occurs in a fine specimen at Dropmore, but we cannot be sure of it, as it has not produced cones.
Aiiies Mektensiana Albertiana.
Tlios? who have not yet added the subject of this note to their collection of Conifers should cer- tainly do so, as its rapid growth and tall grace- ful habit make it worth a prominent spot in the most select collection of these plants. On the occasion of a recent visit to Glenstal Castle, the residence of Sir Croker Barrington, Bart., I was shown by the head-gardener, Mr. K. Weller, by far the finest specimen that has as yet come under my notice, growing in a wood about a mile from the Castle. It seemed to me a great pity that it was so far away from the pleasure-grounds ; but doubtless the shelter afforded by the surrounding trees has proved beneficial to it. Mr. Weller measured the tree about a year since, and it was then found to be OS feet high, and its diameter, which I paced, was fully 40 feet. Not only is its size worthy of note, but it is perfect in every way, and more dense in foliage than it is usually met with. I see by Veitch's Manual of the Coniferm that A. Albertiana was only introduced into Great Britain in 1851, so that the age of the tree referred to cannot be great. I may add that its congener, A. canadensis, is finely repre- sented in other parts of the same grounds. E. Dumper,
PROTECTION OF ROSES IN WINTER,
As I may be said to have lived and grown at various heights and distances about the earth from 0 to 20 or more feet, I have of course formed some rather definite opinion on this practically important and theoretically interesting subject. Had I lived in the Dark Ages, when horticultural secrets were hawked about from bothy to bothy, and not divulged until the demand of five or ten shillings was forth- coming, a handsome sum might have been pocketed before my horticultural safety lines were divulged ; but now the Gardeners' Chronicle is the honoured revealer of all horticultural secrets in general, and many special Rose secrets to boot. Hence I hasten to say that in all probability the space between 3 fe.'t and 41 feet above the ground line includes the line of greatest safety to Tea Roses and other semi- hardy plants.
How a horticulturist of the wide experience of Mr. Douglas should seem to say just the contrary on p. 753 of the last volume passes my comprehension. Few know better than Mr. Douglas how chillingly cold the grass line always was and is, and I fail to see how the self-same line, identical in low level, can become warmer, even should it be clothed with Tea Roses.
I appeal to the health and safety of Mr. Cant's Teas as further proof of the practical security of my safety line. These are by no means all annual or leafy plants, though if they were I fail to see how that should weaken the force of the proof they furnish. Were Mr. Douglas to hie away from Ilford to Colchester, he would hardly be more favourably impressed with the cosy, safe look of those specimens of standard Teas, than with the hearty welcome and goodly hospitality of this prince of East Anglian Rosarians.
There is no possible objection to Mr. Douglas growing his on the ground line, or a foot above it, if he prefers it, for they are so exquisitely sweet and beautiful, that the more of these grown anyhow, everywhere, the better. But I contend the mounted plants are the safest from damp, whence also from frost. Even Mr. Douglas seems to have found this out, for he raises his bed bodily a foot above the
general surface. So far good and safe, but why not further ? and if he mount at all, why stop at a foot, or even a yard ? Ah ! thereby hangs a tale some- thing like this:— The exact line of safety may not yet be known ; I only profess to know that it is not found on the flat, nor a foot above it, but somewhere above and beyond a yard.
I wish the Editor would tell us what he knows about waves of cold and frost lines within the very mode- rate distances of, from the surface to 6 feet above it. This might result in the elucidation ot something like hard-and-fast safety lines at specific heights and distances. Meanwhile there is no danger in plants, beds, and borders of Teas as standards, a yard or more high. The stems are large, and it is almost as easy — some say it is easier — I know it is somehow done, to thrust a handful of Pea-straw, or feather bracken, into the head of a standard as to protect a bed of dwarfs on the ground line. I beg pardon, a foot above it. Bosa. [Mr. Mawley, who is an en- thusiastic Ilosarian, as well as a meteorologist of high standing, will, we trust, give our readers the benefit of his experience. Ed.]
Orchid Notes and Gleanings.
DENDROBIUM CRYSTALLINUM, Rchb.f.
An interesting series of flowers of this beautiful Dendrobium has recently been sent to Kew by Major-General E. S. Berkeley, which go to show that the species is one of considerable variability. The series comprises four forms, the finest of which is fully 2J inches in expanse, with broad, acute petals ; the tips of the sepals are washed with mauve-purple on both sides, but the colour is deepest on the back : the petals and acute lip have the apical part for about one-fourth of the way down, of a rich, bright, mauve-purple ; the disk of the lip is clear yellow, and the rest white ; this form appears to be the typical plant, as described by Reichenbach in these columns in the volume for 1SGS, p. 572, and figured in his Xenia Orchidacea, vol. ii., p. 210, 1. 193, f. 1 to 4. The second form has flowers of the same size, but with the petals rather broader, and not so acute ; the sepals are entirely white, without purple tips, and the purple on the tips of the petals and lip occu- pies a much smaller area, and is much less intense in colour ; this variety is very similar to that figured in the Botanical Magazine at t. 6319, except that there is no purple on the lip of that plant. The third form has flowers of about the same size as the pre- ceding, but with very broad and very obtuse petals, and neither sepals, petals, or lip, have any purple at their tips. The fourth of the series is a small- flowered form, the flowers measuring rather less than 2 inches in expanse, with narrow sepals and petals, the petals in this form being only 4 — 5 lines in breadth, whilst in the other three forms they are 7 — 9 lines broad, the petals and the acute lip are tipped with mauve-purple, as in the second form above mentioned. The small flowered form, which Major-General Berkeley speaks of as " the common D. crystalliuum," has more slender stems than the larger flowered forms. But if this small form is really the more common one in cultivation, then the typical form must be rare, for as Reichen- bach describes the stems as stout, and figures it with large-sized flowers, having the sepals, petals and lip all tipped with purple, I certainly think that the first form I have mentioned above, which agrees with the typical description and figure, must be looked upon as the typical form of D. crystallinum, and it cer- tainly is far and away the handsomest form of the series. The others may be looked upon as colour varieties, but I hesitate to give them varietal names, as in all probability there are other intermediate forms, and variations of this kind cannot be satis- factorily dealt with, without having a large series of forms to judge from. So think it better to wait awhile. N. E. Brown.
Orchis latifolia-maculata.
Natural hybrids among Orchids are now known to be exceedingly numerous, and one need not feel sur-
prised to find them wherever closely allied species grow together. In the Flora of Hampshire a sup- posed natural hybrid between Orchis latifolia and O. maculata is described by Mr. Townsend under the above name. And now Mr. T. R. Archer Briggs sends to Kew specimens, gathered in a rough pasture field, near Plymouth, of what he believes to be a natural hybrid between the same two species. It appears that the specimens were found growing among numerous examples of the parent species, and were observed to be intermediate in character. They have the habit and long bracts of C. latifolia, but the large side-lobes of the lrp, the numerous spots on the same, and the slender spur closely approximating to those characters in C. maculata. Specimens of the parent species were inclosed for comparison, and there is every reason to believe they are of hybrid origin as supposed. As the two sp?cies grow together and flower simultaneously, it is pretty certain that pollen couldreadily be carried from one to the other. S. A. Rolfe.
Ai.lerton Beeches.
On seeing the Orchids recently at H. Tate, Esq., jun., garden at Allerton, Liverpool, a number of plants in flower were found. Amongst Cattleyas was the true C. Mossiaj var. Reineckiana (true), a healthy plant with five flowers. This is doubtless one of the gems of the genus. The largest flower on the plant was 7 inches in diameter. [A flower sent by our correspondent was quite this size. Ed.]. A plant of C. gigas var. Sanderiana had a five-flowered scape, whose flowers measured 10 inches across. Some excellent forms of Cattleya Mendelii were noticed, as well as several C. Iabiata var. Warnerii ; Liclia p irpurata alba, a very highly coloured form of L. grandis, and a well-flowered piece of L. elegans. C. Hardyana, a natural hybrid, were in fine condition, sheathing well, as were several plants of C.Dowiana var. aurea. Plants of Miltonia vexillaria of divers shades of colour were very fine. Cypripedium grande, C. Lowianum, C. superbiens, C. Lawrencianum, and others were well flowered. Dendrobium Dearii, a species difficult to manage, grows and flowers to perfection, indeed a few plants will produce flowers the year round. Flowering for the second time this season was noticed a good specimen of Dendrobium heterocarpum, which filled the house with its de- lightful scent. Masdevallia chimera, M. radiosa, M. Harryana var. splendens, M. ccerulescens, M. Veitchiana superba were in bloom, whilst a huge mass of Oncidium macranthum in the cool house ■will shortly unfold its gorgeous blossoms. Mr. Edwards, the gardener, is certainly a successful grower of Orchids. F. A.
SPRING
FLOWERING
NOLIAS.
MAG-
Among trees which bloom during the last days of April and in early May, none- compare in the magnificence and profusion of flowers with those species and varieties of Magnolia which produce them in advance of the appearance of the leaves. They are all natives of China and of Japan, and all belong to or are derived from three species. Most of these plants have been known in this country for many years, and their perfect hardiness and adaptability have been abundantly demonstrated. They grow rapidly under proper conditions, and be- gin to produce their marvellous flowers when only a fe.v feet high.
As no one ever sees a good plant of Magnolia con- spicua in full bloom without being filled with admiration, and with the desire to possess such a wonderful object, their comparative rarity in gardens can only be explained by the facts that all these plants are rather difficult to transplant, unless it is done at the right time, and that they are fastidious about soil, and require clean and constant cultivation until they are fully established. The secret of transplanting Magnolias successfully con- sists in doing it as the leaves are opening i that is
July (5, 1889.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
11
in the cass of these Asiatic species, just after the flowers have fallen. Magnolias have large, fleshy roots, which decay rapidly when they are cut or bruised, and do n it, therefore, recover easily from transplanting unless the plants are moved at a time when they are in active growth, and so in a condition to make new root-growth rapidly. Magnolias moved early, while the roots are dormant, often suffer seriously, or do not start to grow again, so that by many people they are considered difficult trees to transplant, while in reality they are not, if the pecu- liar character of their roots is considered, more difficult to manage than other trees. They all dread drought, and do best ill peaty soil. Drainage does not appear essential, and fine plants are deve- loped in positions where the ground is saturated with water during several months of the year, and where it is never completely dry during periods of protracted drought. Such constant moisture is not, however, necessary to them, and very fine specimens may be seen growing in good, ordinary garden- soil. They love the same treatment as the Rhododendrons — a soil of peat, leaf-mould, sand and turfy loam deep enough to prevent dryness at the roots, and an open situation in the full sun, that the flowering wood may be thoroughly ripened. The ground about them should be kept clean and well cultivated for a few years after planting, and abundant space be allowed for the free lateral development of the lower branches.
It is now known — thanks to the intelligence of an American horticulturist — that all of the Chinese Magnolias grow more rapidly and make larger and more shapely plants if they are grafted on some one of the strong-growing American species. Magnolia acuminata and M. tripetala are used for this purpose in American nurseries, and each is preferred by different cultivators. Only plants grafted upon one of these species should be bought or planted, as they are unquestionably better than any others.
These Magnolias are naturally shapely plants, and they suffer from crowding. Indeed, their proper use is as single specimen plants, isolated upon the lawn or rising from the midst of broad masses of Rhodo- dendrons,»whose dark-green foliage makes a proper setting for the blooming but leafless Magnolias. The foliage, when it does appear, is rather heavy ; the outline of the plants is bushy and compact, and they do not compose well with other trees, if brought into immediate connection with them.
The earliest to flower is the little shrubby Mag- nolia stellata (the M. Ilalleana of some American gardens), the last introduced into our gardens, and still very rare here. It has been so often described in these columns that further mention of it is un- necessary beyond the bare facts that it is perfectly hardy, that it flowers here soon after the middle of April, and that it is one of the most beautiful and desirable shrubs of recent introduction.
Magnolia conspicua follows M. stellata in time of blooming, its flowers opening here in ordinary sea- sons about May 1. This is the handsomest of the whole series in flower, and the most desirable, except that here in New England the flowering period is sometimes cut short by the north-east rain-storms, which often arrive simultaneously with the flowers ; and that in climates where spring frosts prevail these early flowers are destroyed. M. conspicua is a shapely, round-headed tree, capable of reaching a height of 50 feet or more under favourable conditions. It is low-branched, the main branches dividing in many tortuous, branching divisions. The bark of , the stem and of the main branches is smooth and ashy gray ; that of the young branches is chestnut- brown. The flower-buds which are formed during the summer, are large, and protected during winter by thick, woolly, stipular sheaths. The flowers, with petaloid sepals, are pure creamy-white and pleasantly fragrant ; they are cup-shaped, 4 or 5 inches deep, with obovate, mucronate sepals and petals 2 inches broad, and red stamens. They are produced in the greatest profusion, and quite cover the trees as with a white sheet. They are quickly followed by the leaves, which are obovate, contracted
into a short, stout point, 3 or 4 inches long, downy when young on the lower surface, ultimately thick and deep dark green. The fruit is slender, often contorted, and 2 or 3 inches long. It is produced here abundantly.
Magnolia conspicua is a native of China, where it seems to be widely distributed from the neighbour- hood of Pekin to Shanghai, and probably also of Japan, where it is very generally cultivated. It is the Yulan of the Chinese and of European gardens, and the M. Yulan of Desfontaine3 and some other botanists. An interesting account of this tree may be found in the Memiires concerna.nt VHistoire des Sciences des Chinois, written by the early French missionaries at Pekin (iii., 441), from which it appears that the Yulan was cultivated under the dynasty of Tang in 627, and has since been always a favourite in the garden? of the imperial palaces and of the temples, and that young plants are used for the decorations of the imperial apartments in winter. It is the symbol of candour and of beauty ; and a powder prepared from the green fruit is used to alleviate bronchia' affections.
Magnolia conspicua was introduced into Europe as early as 1779, but it was much later before its beauty was appreciated and it became common in cultivation there. There seems to be no record of its earliest introduction into the gardens of the United States, and if there are any very large plants in the country they will hi found, probably, near some of the large cities of the Middle or South Atlantic States. The best in the north are in the city of Newburg, where very fine symmetrical speci- mens may be seen, planted, no doubt, by Downing, or propagated in the nurseries which he early estab- lished there, and from which many good plants were sent into the gardens of this country.
Thunberg, who was in Japan from 1773 — 70, dis- covered there a small shrubby Magnolia, with slightly obovate or acuminate leaves, precocious fragrant flowers, with very small yellow or yellow-green, narrowly acuminate sepals and large acuminate petals, deep purple on the exterior, and creamy-white on the interior face. This is the M. obovata, variously known also as M. purpurea, M. discolor, and M. denudata. It was introduced into Europe a few years after its discovery. It is a hardy shrub, once a great favourite in gardens, although now much less commonly seen than formerly, having given way to that race of hybrids of which it is one of the parents.
The first of these hybiids dates from 182Q. It sprang from a seed of a Magnolia conspicua in the garden of M. Soulange-Hodin, of Fremont, in France, of which the flowers had been fertilised with the pollen of M. obovata. Whether this hybrid was the result of chance or of intention is doubtful. Loudon (Arboretum, i., 278) speaks confidently of " acci- dental fecundation," but in the elaborate account of this hybrid, to which is joined the earliest figure, published in the Annates de la Societe d' Horticulture de Paris (i., 90), it is expressly stated that M. Soulange intentionally hybridised the flowers of M. conspicua with pollen of M. obovata. It is now known as M. Soulangeana, and is almost inter- mediate between the two parents, except in habit, which is arborescent, and not different from that of M. conspicua. The leaves are intermediate in size and narrowly obovate, with the point of those of M. conspicua. The flowers are also intermediate in size, with smaller sepals than occur on those of M. conspicua, although still petaloid, and the sepals and petals are streaked, especially towards the base with purple. This plant, although far less beautiful in the colour of its flowers than M. conspicua, has the advantage of blooming a week or ten days later, and therefore at a time when storms and frosts are less liable to injure the flowers. It is as hardy as either of its parents, and produces fertile seeds.
A number of other hybrids between these species appeared in Europe about the same time as Magnolia Soulangeana, differing in the amount and in the shade of purple of the flowers, and especially in the size and shape of the sepals. M. Alexandrine and
M. spsciosa, according to Karl Koch, originated in the garden of M. Cels, a famous French patron of botany and horticulture, and M. Nortbertiana, another hybrid in that of Soulange-Bodin. The plant which grows here under the last name is remarkable for its small greenish-white acute sepals, hardly larger than those of M. obovata. The flowers are only faintly marked with purple, are small, 3 to 31 inches deep, and are the last to appear, being fully a week later than those of M. Soulangeana, and between two or three weeks later than those of M. conspicua. The trees are as free-growing as the others, and equally hardy. Whether this is the variety originally distributed as M. Nortbertiana it is impossible to say, or to satisfactorily distinguish any of the various forms of these hybrids except the original M. Soulangeana. Theyvary little among them- selves ; descriptions when they can be found, are not reliable, and there are no coloured figures which can be depended on to refer to. Certain forms are known traditionally in certain nurseries or gardens under certain names, but such traditions are always mis- leading, and it seems hopeless, at least with the information available in this country, to do other- wise than call all forms with purple and white flowers varieties of M. Soulangeana, and drop the other names.
A hybrid of more recent appearance, and of doubtful origin, is, in some respects, the most inte- resting of the whole series. This is the plant known in gardens as Magnolia Lenne. Van Houtte, who published a coloured plate of the flowers twenty years ago, took it for granted that it was a hybrid between M. conspicua and M. obovata. He states, without further explanation, that it originated acci- dentally in Lombardy, where it was discovered by the nursery gardener, Turf, of Erfurt, who introduced it into Germany, naming it in honour of Lenne, the Royal Garden inspector at Berlin. The origin of this plant is not as apparent as that of M. Soulan- geana, however — that is, it is not as clearly inter- mediate in characters between its two supposed parents. It is shrubby rather than arborescent in habit, with wide-spreading stems branching from the ground. The branchlets are much smaller than those of the other Magnolias of this class ; the leaves are larger than those of the other species, they are broadly ovate or sometimes slightly obovate, and pointed at the summit, but quite destitute of the short contracted point found in those of M. con- spicua and of M. Soulangeana. The flowers are the largest of the series, 3} to 4 inches deep, with coloured petaloid obovate sepals, about one-half the size of the petals, which are broadly obovate, rounded at the extremities, fully 4 inches across, deep dark purple over the whole of the exterior surface, and pure snowy white in the interior. The flowers are deliciously fragrant, and the fruit and seeds, which are produced in profusion, are larger than those of either of the supposed parents. M. Lenne might very well pass for a very robust, large- flowered variety of M. obovata were it not for the petaloid sepals and the broadly obovate petals, which point to the blood of M. conspicua, and a probable hybrid — a solution which, however, is not altogether satisfactory.
Magnolia gracilis of gardens I have never seen, but, judged by the figure in Hooker's Paradigm Low dinensis, t. lxxxvii., it is nothing more than a slender form of M. obovata.
The handsomest of the Magnolias with precocious flowers, and the finest of the genus, with the excep- tion, perhaps, of the evergreen, M. grandiflora, of our southern forests, is M. Canipbellii, a large forest tree, peculiar to the mountain valleys of Sikkim and Bhotan, at elevations of 8000 to 10,000 feet. The flowers are white or rose-coloured, and 8 or 10 inches across.
This species is apparently difficult to manage, although it has been cultivated for many years in different parts of Europe. It has flowered in a garden near Cork, in Ireland, where this tree is fairly hardy, but in northern Italy it has so far, I believe, failed to produce Sower*, and I have not
12
TEE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE.
[July G, 18S9.
heard of it blooming elsewhere. It is hardly pro- bable that it has been introduced into the United States, although, owing to the more humid summer tlimate, it might be expected to flourish in some parts of the Gulf States, perhaps better than in "southern Europe. C. S. <$'., in " Garden and Forest."
ROSA GIG ANTE A.
We have already mentioned the discovery by General Collett, in Upper Burmah, of this magnifi- cent Hose. Thanks to Dr. King, the Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, we have been enabled to distribute some seeds of this Hose. To Dr. King also we are indebted for the opportunity of figuringthe plant (see fig. 4, p. 13). The branches are provided with scattered stout hooked prickles. The nearly glabrous leaves bear two pairs, and a soli- tary terminal leaflet, all elliptic, acute, finely serrate.
The flowers are solitary, white, 5 to 6 inches across, with linear, nearly entire sepals, reflexed during flowering over the smooth ovoid receptacle.
M. Crepin, who has given a description ofthis Rose, and alludes to it in his paper read before the Rose Conference, suggests that it should be placed in the section Indies ; but, if so, the characters of the section must be altered slightly to enable the species to fit into its proper place. M. Crepin also suggests that Fortune's Double Yellow may be a garden form ofthis species.
In the gardens of the wealthy, however, many more kinds were cultivated. The old cookery receipts of the fourteenth century, which are preserved in the Form of Cury, throw much light on this subject, in- deed, nearly all our information of the kitchen gar- dens ofthis period is derived from this old collection. Among the " Salad herbs " that are mentioned (Receipt No. 58), as having been used Onions, Leeks, Farsley, Sage, Savory, Hyssop, Borage, Rue, Rosemary, and Purselain. Parsley and Sage were also used, as now, for stuffing chickens (Receipt No. 34). Chaucer tells us that " Persley " was eaten with the " stubbil goos " (Cooke's Prologe, 1. 20), and in the Form of Cury, No. 68), it is directed to be mixed together with " Sauge, Hyssop, and Savory, Quinces, and Pears, Garlick and Grapes " as a " filling for gees.'' Beside these salad
A HISTORY OF ENGLISH GARDENING.
(Continued from vol. v., p. 798.) The Walnut was very common, and before being eaten was generally " piked clene," ground up with good herbes," and mixed " with verjuice and with water" (Form of Cury, No. 157). Quinces were generally "pared" and cooked, and made into a kind of marmalade (see Form of Cury, No. 18). Medlars were often stored up in straw, and allowed to get rotten before they were served up at table. Chaucer mentions this old custom in the Prologue of the Reeves Tale : —
" But yet I fare as doth an open-ers ;* That ilke fruit is ever lenger the wers, Til it be rot in mullock t or in straw.
1. 17—19.
The same old author also describes the Medlar tree in full bloom : —
" And as I stood and cast aside mine eye, I was ware of the fairest Medlar tree, That ever yet in all my life I see As full of blossoms as it might be ; Therein a goldfinch leaping prettily Prom bough to bough ; and as him list gan eat Of buddes here and there and flowres sweet." The Flower and the Leaf, 1. 8(5
The kitchen gardens of the fourteenth century were also well stocked with vegetables. The chief vegetables cultivated by the agricultural classes were Onions, Garlic, and Leeks. Chaucer, describing the sompnour, in the Prologue to his Canterhury Tales, tells us that—
" Well loved he Garleck, Onions and eek Leeks."
1. 634.
Parsley and Colewort were also very commonly grown. The ploughman in Langland's Vision, says —
" I have Percile and Forettes,} And many Cole plauntes." 1. 4373.
Peas, Chibolles (a variety of Onion), and Chervil are also mentioned as having been grown by the poorer classes : —
"All the poor people then Fescoddes fetten and brought in their lappes Chibolles and Chervils."
Langland, Prs. PI., 1. 4389.
» The old name of the Medlar fruit. t Rubbish. T. Leek*.
Beans were commonly grown in fields, when the seeds were generally dibbled by women (see Rogers' Agric. Prices), but they were sometimes planted in gardens. The agricultural labourers ground them into flour, and made loaves of them —
And two loves of benes and bran Y-baked for my children.
Langland, Prs. PL, 1. 4368.
The wealthy " drew " (shelled), boiled, or fryed them, and ate them with bacon (Form of Cury, No. 1). Peas were also shelled, and were generally eaten as now, boiled with Parsley and Mint. The following is a fourteenth century receipt for cooking them : "Take Green Peson, clean washen, and let them boyle awhile over the fire, and then pour away all the broth, and bray (mash; a few of them with Mint and Parcel." (Arundel M.S., No. 344, f. 433). Sometimes, however, they were boiled with Onions, and made into a kind of peasoup (Form of Cury, No. 70). Mint and Fennel are both mentioned by Chaucer. Describing a garden, he writes —
Then wente I forth on my right hand Down by a little path I found Of Mentes full and Fennel green.
Homaunt of the Ease, 1. 729-31.
The seed of the latter plant was very largely used for culinary purposes in the middle ages, and many entries referring to it are to be found in old accounts. In the Wardrobe Accounts of Edward I. (1281), for instance, "eight and a half pounds of Fennel seed " is stated to have been consumed by the King's household in less than a month. By the lower classes it was chiefly used to relieve the pangs of hunger on " fasting days." Langland records the following dialogue between a priest and a poor woman —
" Hast thou ought in thy purse?" quod he, " Any hot Spices ? " "I have Pepper and Pions," quod she, "And a pound ot Garleek,
And a farthing-worth of Fennel-seed
For fasting days."
Prs. PL, 1. 3102 7..
The green leaves of the Fennel were also eaten.. In an early English medical MS. it is said —
Fennel in potage and in meat Is good to donne when thou shalt eat. All green look it may corvyn small In what meat thou eaten shall.
1. 1354-7.
Mint was also very frequently used in medical cookery. In the Form of Curry it is specified, among other ingredients, for " Makerel sawse " (No. 106) ; for "Conger sawse" (No. 104) ; and for " Grene sawse " (No. 140). P. E. N. (To be continued.)
FlS. 3.— AMOHPHOPHALLl'S TITANOI AT KEW.
(As it appeared on .Time 10. Height nearly 4 feet.)
herbs, Cabbages, Beans, Peas, Parsnips,* Turnips, t Radishes,} Cress, § Fennel, and Mint were cultivated. The former of these vegetables, it is generally sup- posed, was not introduced into this country until the commencement of the seventeenth century. In the Form of Cury, however, the plant is mentioned, || and there is no reason to doubt that it was cultivated, and cultivated extensively, in England in the fourteenth century. From a passage in Chaucer's Nonneprest his Tale,'" it would even appear that at this period it formed one of the favourite vegetables of the cottage gardener.
* Form of Cury, No. 10). t Ibid. No. 5.
; Ibid. No. 32.
$ See Rogers' .lyric. Prices, vol. iii., p. 579.
II It is called " caboche " (No. 6), and is directed to be " cut into four quarters."
«" Line 401 — 454. it is here called the wort. The mention of the butterfly settlingon the Wort-leaf (probably the common Cabbage-white) is interesting.
Colonial Notes.
JAMAICA.
The prize for the best sample of Tobacco, 400 lb. in weight, has been divided equally between Jamaica and North Borneo. The last number of the Botanical Department, Jamaica, contains a full account of the method of culture and preparation, from the pen of the late Mr. J. C. Espin, a Cuban, who was engaged in the culture in Jamaica.
Singapore. The annual Report of the Botanic Gardens, Singa- pore, has reached us. It is mainly occupied with details of the routine work of the garden, which show that the newly-appointed Director', Mr. H. N. Ridley, is alive to the duties of his office.
Cape Colonv. Frofessor MacOwan contributes to the Depart- mental Agricultural Journal an interesting article on Apple-scab and other diseases caused by fungi in Apples and Pears.
July 6, 1889.]
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
13
Fio. 4.— hosa giqantea: natural size: flowers white, (see p. 12.)
14
THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE.
[Jul* 6, 1889.
Trinidad. Mr. J. H. Hart, in the Bulletin of the Botanic Gardens, urges the planters to plant the Gros Michel Banana, as well as Oranges and other fruits. The Coffee grown on the Island is also highly spoken of, and is likely to form an important article of com- merce.
Madras.
The Proceedings of the Agri- Horticultural Society of Madras reveal great activity in the development and improvement of the Botanical Gardens. The conservatory has been repaired, and greatly enlarged, the Fernery remodelled, a new Palm-house added, the water supply extended, and various other im- provements effected by the munificence of some of the native aristocracy.
HuMEA ELEQANS, &C.
A recent number of the Victorian Naturalist con- tains an interesting narrative of an expedition made at the suggestion of Baron Ferd. von Mueller to Croajingolong, a mountainous district south of the boundary dividing New South Wales from Victoria. In these ranges Mount Ellery reaches the height of 4300 feet. Over 300 plants were collected, the most interesting being the Cabbage Palm, Livistona australis, the Waratah, Telopea oreades peculiar to Victoria. Large quantities of Humea elegans were found, not stunted plants 4 to 5 feet in height, the maximum they attain here, but growing to a height of 20 feet and upwards; the delicate cream-coloured heads, tinged with a shade of salmon-pink and darker streaks of umber, are beautiful objects when seen Btanding out in front of a dense back-ground of Ferns, &c.
Foreign Correspondence.
RAMONDIAS. In a recent issue " D." asks if R. serbica is equal in beauty to R. pyrenaica. On a rocky part of my alpine garden there are about 150 plants of R. py- renaica, R. p. alba, R. serbica, and R. Nataliae, growing together, R. pyrenaica of many shades of purple, even R. p. alba sometimes with a reddish tint. R. serbica is less vivid in colour, but robust growing, and very floriferous. R. Nataliae is of slower growth, but not less good in colour. On the whole, if I could only cultivate two Ramondias, I would prefer R. pyrenaica and R. p. alba to the two last named species. There is still a fourth Ramondia known to botanists, R. Heldreichii, from Mount Olympus, in Thessaly, discovered many years ago by Professor v. Heldreich, of Athens, but not yet culti- vated. 0. F., Lehtnhof.
tion, and covered with a few inches of the same material. The pots should be examined early in spring, and as soon as the bulbs have made 1 inch of growth they should be removed to a cool- pit, and shaded for a few days until the plants get inured to light. As the plants increase in growth, more fre- quent supplies of water should be given them at the roots, giving liberal waterings with weak liquid manure from the time the flower-spikes appear until the flowers are opened, and afford support to the flower- spikes.
Spir.ea (Astilbe) japoniua. This plant is so well appreciated by all who have to maintain a supply of cut flowers and decorative plants during the early Bpring months, that I need not refer to its merits as such ; but as a subject for supplying a profusion of shining green Fern-like foliage, surmounted by large spikes of white feathery flowers in a border out-of-doors during the months of June and July it is not so well known, and con- sequently not so much grown as it deserves to be. After the forced plants have flowered, and been gradually hardened off, the plants should lie turned out of the pots while quite moist at the roots, the drainage removed, and the plants trans- planted in a deeply dug soil, enriched with short manure. They are best when put out in rows from about 1* inches apart, and an equal distance from one plant to the other. A portion of the stock of plants should be put in a border having a south- west aspect, and the remainder in a north border, so as to have a succession of flowers during the month of July. The plants, in the absence of rain, should be kept kept well supplied with water, they being moisture-at-the-roots-loving plants. The second year, after being planted out, they will flower, and a very chaste and telling effect is then produced by a hundred or two large plants thus grown. Where there are any plants which have been put out under a "south wall " to harden off while being starved at the roots for want of moisture and scope for root action, it is not yet too late to treat them in the manner above stated. H. W. IV.
Plants and Their Culture,
Cultural Memoranda.
GLADIOLUS THE BRIDE. No one having a greenhouse, conservatory, or rooms to furnish in the months of May, June, and the first fortnight in July, should be without this beautiful and useful plant. I have now, and have had for several weeks past, a fine display of the plant. The bulb3 are in 48's and 32's, each pot containing from ten to fifteen spikes of nicely deve- loped flowers, which are pure white. The spikes, when arranged with Fern and coloured flowers, in large vases, prove very effective. By a little forcing the plants may be had in flower in April ; those grown on in acold pit, and in a sheltered position out-of-doors continuing the supply during the periods indicated. From ten to fifteen bulbs should be potted in November, in 32's. They should be efficiently drained, and filled to within 2 inches of the top with a mixture of four parts good sandy loam and one of old hotbed manure, made moderately firm before placing the bulbs thereon, covering them with a little more than 1 inch thick of soil. The pots should then be stood on coal-ashe3 in a dry situa-
EUCALYPTUS AMYGDAL1NA.
[See Supplementary Sheet.]
Our supplementary illustration represents the base of a tree stem, standing as it grew, turned into a dwelling by a Colonial squatter. The photograph, from which the figure was prepared, was kindly fur- nished by Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, Melbourne, and was taken by Mr. N. T. Caire of the same city. The size of many trees of this species of Eucalypt, which stand singly at long distances apart, from Dandenong to West Gippsland, is oftentimes immense.
In a letter of Mr. J. Rollo's, of Balnarring, for- warded by Baron von Mueller, it is stated by the writer tliat in the Yarragon district he has mea- sured trees which were from 330 to 340 feet in height, and in a valley of the southern range of mountains where the trees acquire even greater size, one was measured which reached the enormous height of 410 feet. Blue Gums (Eucalyptus glo- bulus), grow to 300 feet in height in the same neigh- bourhood. Some of these giants of the Australian forests must have passed away unnoticed ; and in the case of E. amygdalina, whose wood is not very durable, this would more readily occur ; and the foliage being of a very oily nature, forest fires would be particularly destructive of standing timber.
We should suppose that the settler who made this particular tree stump into a hut, selected it by rea- son of the decaye J condition of its inner parts ; for we can scarcely suppose that he would dig out the space required if the wood was solid.
Warm-house Plants. — Most of these will benefit greatly if stood wide apart, so that full development of leaves and shoots may go on unchecked ; and in the case of Palms, Dracamas, Pandanus Veitchii, and others, they may be removed to the greenhouses, where, with due attention to watering, they will continue to grow freely, besides being found useful for decoration. Abundance of moisture must be distributed about the houses during warm days, shading the plants must be attended to early in the day, and red-spider kept in check by heavy syring- ing, which entails much le3s labour than sponging the foliage during hot weather. The temperatures given last month will be applicable to the present time, but giving a larger amount of ventilation. During the hot weather the heating apparatus should be allowed to cool as early in the day as possible ; but it is not advisable to do without fires entirely, as during cloudy weather the temperature will fall, and growth is then checked, especially if the water u'.ed is cold as well. By the use of a small amount of heat in the pipes, air may be admitted at all times. Any Palms, Dracaenas, or other plants which have filled their pots with roots should be shifted as soon as possible, but over- potting the plants ought to be avoided, more especially the Palms ; it it is better to afford occasionally manure-water to these, than to over-pot.
Crotons need especial attention to keep down red- spider, and to this end syringing should be performed often, and on the undersides of the leaves. These plants delight in much heat and moisture. An- thuriums should have their foliage sponged, if red- spider be present, or the young foliage will be dis- figured. These plants grow best in a warm moist atmosphere.
Tuberous Plants. — Achimenes, which were potted at an early date, will take liberal supplies of water, and should have the tops of their shoots stopped. These points may be propagated in a hotbed if more stock is required. Train out all slender growers so as to allow the plants in the centre of the pots and pans light and air. Gesneras and Tydeas should be kept near to the light, and should not be syringed, as this would soon disfigure them. Dipladenias should now be in flower, and will require to be liberally supplied with weak liquid manure, and syringed fre- quently, or red-spider will become troublesome. In case any plant should become infested with spider, employ at once an insecticide.
Climbers.— Succession plants of Stephanotis making growth should have every assistance. Clerodendrons, which have flowered, may have their old flower- trusses removed ; and if large specimens are wanted, the plants should be shifted into larger pots, the com- post used being turfy-loam, a small amount of fibrous peatand decayed manure, andsomequarter-inchbones, and sufficient coarse silver sand to make it porous. The plants do best in a place near the light, and where the young growths cau be tied up to the roof. They make rapid growth after being removed from the cool house where they flowered. No train- ing is needed, only so far as to regulate the shoots and avoid entanglement. Gloxinias requiring a shift into larger pots should receive attention, and be kept in a light house. Seedlings of these plants should be pricked off into pans or pots, and any named or good varieties, which it is- desirable to increase, may now have some of their well-developed leaves, placed in a pan or pot of peat with a thick surfacing of silver sand. If the stock be limited, the leaves should be placed flat on the surface, underside downwards, and be pegged down, breaking the ribs of the leaf first. G. Wythcs, Sion House, Brentford.
TRADE MEMORANDUM.
The Erfurt firm of Haage & Schmidt, nurserymen and seedsmen of world-wide repute, has passed into the possession of Heir Carl Schmidt, formerly one of the acting partners, by whom it will in future be carried on,
The Orchid Houses.
Keeping down the temperature and rendering the atmosphere fairly humid and comfortable are the important matters to be attended to during the hot weather we are getting, and are likely to get. Careful and evenly balanced top and bottom ventila- tion, careful shading whilst the sun is on the house, and a liberal and frequent damping down several times a day, are the best methods of securing the desired end. The grower should learn to regulate each house in these matters, as different houses require different handling. In no case in hot bright weather is it desirable to put on too much air, or ex- cessive evaporation will ejisue, and shrivelling in the ■
Joi v 8, 1889.]
THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE.
15
tissues of the plants sets in. There is a class of Orchids which may specially be mentioned as being readily damaged by excessive ventilation in hot weather, and in some kinds of houses. I refer to the whole of the Huntleya group, comprising Bollea, Pescatorea, &c, all Phalicnopis, Miltonia vexillaria, M. Roezlii, and M. Warscewiczii ; the Paphinias, Coryanthes, and others usually associated with these ; these pass the summer best in a position cool, shady, and tolerably moist, and free from currents of air. The Oncidiums generally, and Lielias, Cattleyas, and intermediate- house Epidendrums, are not so easily affected by sunlight and a liberal admission of air in summer, but in all cases it is better to restrict the opening of the ventilators to that extent which is necessary to secure what gardeners call a " comfortable air " in the houses. In excessively hot weather a damping down outside the houses lays the dust, and at least does no harm, and syringing the outside of the blinds occasionally helps to keep down the temperature; but in all work requiring the use of water, the rain- water should be saved for watering the plants ; and for cleansing and other uses, water from other sources obtained. Above all things, the shading and water- ing of the plants should be attended to.
Fire-heat now is only wanted in the house where are Phalamopsis, gi owing Dendrobes, and other plants known to make their growths in summer, and on these and all the other houses a little ventilation top and bottom should be left on all night. The temperature for July, as nearly as it can be attained, should be : — Warmest-house, 75° to 85° by day, 70° at night ; intermediate- house, 70° to 80° by day, 65° at night ; cool-house, 60° to 70° by day, 55° at night. James O'Brien.
The Flower Garden.
Bedding Plants and Watering. — I always strive to put off watering the flower beds as long as it is possible to do so without risk, knowing that so long as there is moisture below the roots these will go in search of it, whereas slight waterings cause the roots to ramble just under the surface of the soil, and injury to the plant is then certain to occur should there be in dry weather any break in the regularity of the supply. The prevalence of drying winds and bright sunshine has now rendered watering a necessity, and a thorough watering twice a week, so long as the present draught continues, must be afforded to bedding plants ; I say " twice a week," but this does not mean that the application of water to the plants oftener is not desirable ; it is, but only in the form of overhead syringings in the cool of the evening. Given this spray over, and two thorough root waterings in a week, and bedding plants are sure to make satisfactory growth. The same remarks apply to the watering of shrubs, except that it is not necessary to do it so frequently, because the thick mulching of manure that is— or should be — afforded to the roots of these, if lately transplanted, will keep the soil more evenly moist than the slight mulching of cocoa-fibre that is sometimes put around bedding plants. The drought is beginning to tell on most of the recently moved shrubs, and a good watering and a renewal of the mulching, with an occa- sional overhead syringing in the evening, will be needed.
Subtropical Bedders. — These for the most part con- sist of seedling plants, and of rapid growers, and therefore need not only deep and rich soil, but much moisture. The dwarf ground-work plauts serve to some extent as mulchings to the taller subjects. Water should, therefore, be afforded them without stint, so long as the dry weather continues ; and all tall-growing plants